Overweight and Obesity among Palestinian Adults: Analyses of the Anthropometric Data from the First National Health and Nutrition Survey (1999-2000)

Table 4

Age-adjusted odd ratios (95% confidence interval) for being overweight or obese based on body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, with demographic and lifestyle factors in Palestinian adults by gender.

	Male			Female
	BMI ≥25	WC ≥0.9	WHR ≥0.95	BMI ≥25	WC ≥0.8	WHR ≥0.85
	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
Educational level
0–8 Y	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
9–11 Y	1.33(0.98–1.80)	1.41 (0.23–8.81)	1.19 (0.84–1.68)	0.84 (0.61–1.17)	0.50 (0.02–10.22)	0.84 (0.63–1.13)
≥12 Y	1.25 (0.97–1.62)	1.06 (0.25–4.42)	1.34 (1.00–1.79)*	0.66 (0.48–0.90)*	0.37 (0.03–5.39)	0.72 (0.54–0.95)*
Region
Gaza	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
West Bank	1.14 (0.89–1.47)	2.94 (0.71–12.15)	1.48 (1.11–1.98)*	0.96 (0.71–1.28)	5.88 (0.51–67.52)	0.76 (0.59–0.99)*
Area of residency
Rural	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Urban	1.29 (1.01–1.63)*	0.24 (0.03–2.05)	1.09 (0.84–1.42)	1.08 (0.82–1.44)	0.78 (0.07–8.97)	1.14 (0.89–1.46)
Marital status
Not married	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Married	1.54 (1.11–2.14)*	1.19 (0.21–6.66)	1.01 (0.68–1.51)	1.92 (1.39–2.64)*	3.05 (0.38–24.16)	1.22 (0.90–1.64)
Family income
Average and below	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Above average	0.86 (0.69–1.08)	5.49 (1.10–27.36)*	0.98 (0.76–1.27)	1.03 (0.79–1.33)	11.50 (0.81–163.14)	0.86 (0.68–1.08)
Physical activity
Not active	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Active	0.87 (0.60–1.26)	1.04 (0.98–1.1)	1.10 (0.72–1.69)	1.55 (0.88–2.71)	1.23 (1.13–1.35)	0.80 (0.48–1.34)
Ever smoked
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.76 (0.60–0.95)*	1.37 (0.40–4.76)	1.25 (0.97–1.62)	0.63 (0.38–1.03)	1.06 (0.97–1.15)	0.77 (0.49–1.21)