Lifestyle Intervention Improves Heart Rate Recovery from Exercise in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Look AHEAD Study

Table 4

(a) Association of Year 1 Heart Rate Recovery with treatment group. (b) Association of Year 1 Heart Rate Recovery with combined weight and fitness changes.

(a)  

HRR at Year 1
Model*	𝐵	SE	𝑃 value	𝑅^2
Model A
ILI versus DSE	3.544	0.379	<0.0001	0.255
	Least square means
	LSMEAN	SE	𝑃 value for testing; equality of LSMEANs
ILI	41.48	0.27
			<0.0001 (ILI versus DSE)
DSE	37.94	0.27

(b)  

HRR at Year 1
Model*	𝐵	SE	𝑃 value	𝑅^2
Model B
Moderate high success versus high success	−4.32	0.62	<0.0001	0.27
Moderate success versus high success	−6.28	0.68	<0.0001
Moderate low success versus high success	−6.58	0.70	<0.0001
Low success versus high success	−7.13	0.64	<0.0001
	Least square means^∧
	LSMEAN	SE
Low success^a	37.79	0.39
Moderate low success^b	38.34	0.48
Moderate success^c	38.64	0.45
Moderate high success^a,b,c,d	40.60	0.36
High success^a,b,c,d	44.92	0.51

^∧Same superscripts indicate groups are significantly different from each other.
*Models were adjusted for baseline covariates, including age, gender, clinical site, diabetes duration, diabetes medication use, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, and triglycerides.