The Obesity Paradox and Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Table 2

Independent associations of baseline fitness and BMI with all-cause mortality.

Variables	𝑛	Deaths (%)	Model 1*		Model 2^†
			HR (95% CI)	P Value	HR (95% CI)	P Value
As continuous variables
Per MET	811	95 (11.7)	0.91 (0.85–0.97)	0.002	0.90 (0.84–0.96)	0.001
Per kg/m^2	811	95 (11.7)	0.99 (0.96–1.09)	0.91	0.98 (0.93–1.02)	0.25
As categorical variables
Fit	541	45 (8.3)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Unfit	270	50 (18.5)	2.05 (1.34–3.15)	0.001	2.26 (1.43–3.56)	<0.001
Nonobese	511	61 (11.9)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Obese	300	34 (11.3)	1.13 (0.72–1.76)	0.59	0.92 (0.58–1.46)	0.72

CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
*Adjusted for age, ethnicity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, family history of heart disease, and cardiovascular medication use.
^†Adjusted for above plus METs (for BMI) and BMI (for METs) as continuous variables.