Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Testing Use of Smartphone Technology for Obesity Treatment
Table 3
Changes in outcomes by group.
Outcome
IC
IC + SP
LIC + SP
SP
value
Body weight, kg, mean (SD)
0.89
Baseline
96.0 (17.4)
100.3 (16.5)
96.8 (14.8)
96.4 (16.9)
Change
−2.5 (4.1)
−5.4 (4.0)
−3.3 (5.9)
−1.8 (3.7)
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)
0.79
Baseline
34.1 (4.1)
34.3 (3.9)
33.5 (3.5)
35.3 (4.1)
Change
−0.8 (1.4)
−1.8 (1.3)
−1.1 (2.0)
−0.7 (1.3)
Male waist circumference, cm, mean (SD)
0.36
Baseline
117.3 (15.5)
119.4 (11.6)
116.4 (4.6)
113.8 (23.0)
Change
−3.0 (2.4)
−7.01 (2.6)
−6.5 (0.35)
−3.38 (8.3)
Female waist circumference, cm, mean (SD)
0.22
Baseline
106.4 (14.5)
109.7 (11.4)
108.7 (8.4)
105.5 (11.1)
Change
−3.19 (7.4)
−5.68 (3.7)
−3.64 (7.9)
−0.88 (2.9)
Self-reported activity ≥ moderate intensity, hrs/week, mean (SD)
0.51
Baseline
5.0 (5.2)
4.9 (5.7)
5.3 (5.4)
3.5 (3.7)
Change
−1.4 (7.1)
−2.0 (5.4)
−3.6 (5.5)
0.19 (5.1)
Dietary intake, kcal/day, mean (SD)
0.66
Baseline
2069.6 (463.2)
2085.7 (640.8)
1988.3 (722.7)
1647.3 (460.4)
Change
−415.6 (376.4)
−468.2 (634.0)
−218.5 (859.5)
−249.2 (770.5)
Calories from fat, %, mean (SD)
0.37
Baseline
36.6 (5.22)
36.2 (6.64)
36.2 (4.2)
34.5 (5.97)
6 months
−0.67 (4.5)
−4.89 (9.3)
−4.6 (4.5)
−3.48 (12.5)
Fruit and vegetable intake, servings per day, mean (SD)
0.61
Baseline
4.98 (2.6)
4.32 (1.5)
4.16 (2.3)
4.22 (2.1)
Change
0.81 (2.8)
0.51 (3.2)
2.1 (3.4)
0.05 (4.9)
Sodium intake, mg/day, mean (SD)
0.88
Baseline
3422.1 (938.1)
3665.1 (1108.9)
3645.8 (1519.7)
2842.8 (1136.8)
Change
−517.2 (806.8)
−788.2 (1165.1)
−622.5 (1376.3)
−157.5 (2145.0)
IC: intensive counseling; SP: smartphone; LIC: less intensive counseling; BMI: body mass index. Change values were calculated for completers at 6 months.
