Lifestyle and Dietary Factors Associated with the Evolution of Cardiometabolic Risk over Four Years in West-African Adults: The Benin Study

Table 3

Relative risk for deterioration of cardiometabolic risk factors over the follow-up period after adjusting for age and sex (𝑛=416).

Variables	Deterioration of cardiometabolic risk
	Model 1; RR (CI 95%)	Model 2; RR (CI 95%)
Sex
Women	1	1
Men	0.93 (0.51–1.67)	0.41 (0.18-0.95)
Age (years)
≥45	1	1
25–34	0.06 (0.03–0.14)	0.40 (0.01–0.11)
35–44	0.29 (0.16–0.53)	0.14 (0.06–0.33)
Location
Large city	1	1
Rural area	0.56 (0.27–1.18)	0.54 (0.19–1.53)
Small city	0.39 (0.21–0.74)	0.40 (0.16–1.02)
Income score
High income	1	1
Low income	0.42 (0.19–0.92)	0.57 (0.2–1.63)
Medium income	0.75 (0.39–1.44)	1.18 (0.51–2.7)
Education
High school	1	1
No schooling	0.63 (0.27–1.47)	0.53 (0.17–1.66)
Primary school	1.05 (0.53–2.11)	1.21 (0.48–3.05)
Sedentary time
High tertile		1
Low tertile		0.04 (0.01–0.13)
Medium		0.24 (0.11–0.55)
Physical activity
Active^a		1
Inactive		6.29 (2.97–13.35)
Food score
High tertile		1
Low tertile		5.61 (1.91–16.41)
Medium tertile		2.02 (0.80–5.07)
Alcohol intake
Heavy drinking		1
None		0.51 (0.16–1.64)
Moderate drinking		0.72 (0.25–2.06)
Smoking
Current smoking		1
Non smoker		0.14 (0.02–0.85)
Former smokers		0.34 (0.05–2.29)

Model 1: Income score + location + education level.
Model 2: Income score + location + education level + healthy food score + lifestyle components.
^aInactive: <30 min/d moderate/vigorous activity, active: ≥30 min/d moderate/vigorous activity.