Obesity-Related Metabolomic Analysis of Human Subjects in Black Soybean Peptide Intervention Study by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography and Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Table 2

Identification of serum metabolites from human subjects controlled by obesity with BSP using UPLC-MS and their fold change analysis.^a

No.	Identity	Exact mass	Actual mass	Mass error	Ms fragments	P value	VIP
		(M + H)	(M + H)	(mDa)
1	Aminobutyric acid	104.0712	104.0723	−1.1	104, 87, 58	0.04	0.66
2	L-proline	116.0712	116.0718	−0.6	70	0.03	3.98
3	Betaine	118.0868	118.0878	−1.0	118, 58	0.026	3.23
4	Valine	118.0868	118.0901	−3.3	72	0.042	0.96
5	Benzoic acid	123.0434	123.0462	−2.8	95, 79	0.024	0.49
6	Pyroglutamic acid	130.0504	130.0521	−1.7	84, 72	0.021	1.81
7	Pipecolic acid	130.0868	130.0880	−1.2	105, 91, 84	0.042	1.54
8	Leucine/isoleucine	132.1025	132.1034	−0.9	119, 91, 86, 72, 69	0.048	2.91
9	N-phenylacetamide	136.0762	136.0777	−1.5	119, 107, 91	0.011	0.30
10	Hypoxanthine	137.0463	137.0475	−1.2	119, 110, 94, 82	0.036	2.29
11	Glutamine	147.0770	147.0784	−1.4	130, 101, 84	0.028	1.17
12	L-methionine	150.0589	150.0602	−1.3	133, 104, 87, 74, 61	0.039	1.07
13	2-phenylglycine	152.0712	152.0719	−0.7	105, 78	0.013	2.00
14	L-carnitine	162.1130	162.1140	−1.0	103, 85, 60	0.02	1.77
15	Phenylpyruvic acid	165.0552	165.0565	−1.3	147, 123, 119, 91.77	0.041	2.16
16	Phenylalanine	166.0868	166.0883	−1.5	121, 120, 103, 93	0.045	1.58
17	Uric acid	169.0362	169.0991	−62.9	169, 152, 141, 126, 70	0.02	0.49
18	Arginine	175.1195	175.1208	−1.3	130, 116, 70, 60	0.044	0.70
19	Tyrosine	182.0817	182.0830	−1.3	165, 136, 123, 91	0.01	2.58
20	Tryptophan	205.0977	205.0994	−1.7	188, 159, 146, 118, 91	0.043	2.56
21	Propionylcarnitine	218.1392	218.1406	−1.4	159, 144, 85, 60	0.05	1.35
22	Butyrylcarnitine	232.1549	232.1564	−1.5	217, 173, 144, 113, 85	0.05	1.15
23	L-hexanoylcarnitine	260.1858	260.1875	−1.7	232, 201, 144, 85	0.06	0.83
24	L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine	281.1137	281.1152	−1.5	235, 166, 120, 88	0.0002	1.62
25	L-octanoylcarnitine	288.2170	288.2185	−1.5	229, 127, 85	0.014	2.34
26	Palmitoylcarnitine	400.3427	400.3441	−1.4	341, 144, 85	0.034	0.85
27	Linoleylcarnitine	424.3427	424.3433	−0.6	352, 144, 85	0.02	0.87
28	LysoPC (14:0)	468.3090	468.3092	−0.2	450, 357, 285, 184, 104, 86	0.045	0.99
29	LysoPC (P 16:0)	480.3454	480.3424	3.0	339, 240, 184, 104, 86	0.02	1.80
30	LysoPC (15:0)	482.3247	482.3256	−0.9	385, 299, 184, 104, 86	0.012	1.95
31	LysoPC (16:0)	496.3403	496.3407	−0.4	478, 313, 258, 184, 104, 86	0.018	12.02
32	LysoPC (17:1)	508.3767	508.3429	33.8	492, 327, 258, 184, 104, 86	0.02	0.55
33	LysoPC (18:2)	520.3403	520.3379	2.4	502, 337, 258, 184, 104, 86	0.045	5.48
34	LysoPC (18:1)	522.3560	522.3513	4.7	504, 339, 258, 184, 104, 86	0.037	3.63
35	LysoPC (18:0)	524.3716	524.3672	4.4	506, 341, 258, 184, 104, 86	0.036	5.25
36	LysoPC (20:4)	544.3403	544.3400	0.3	361, 184, 104, 86	0.03	2.48
37	LysoPC (20:1)	550.3873	550.3895	−2.2	532, 418, 258, 184, 104, 86	0.008	0.64
38	LysoPC (22:0)	572.3716	572.3731	−1.5	554, 295, 184, 104, 86	0.029	0.58

aNo. was the number of metabolites marked in Figure 2(b), and fold change was calculated by dividing the mean of normalized intensities of each metabolite from 12 weeks after subjects by the mean intensity of the same metabolite from 0 week subjects. 𝑃-value was analyzed by independent t-test with the Mann-Whitney 𝑈-test. VIP is variable importance in the project and its value of above 1.00 showing high relevance for explaining the differences of sample groups.