Preliminary Efficacy of Group Medical Nutrition Therapy and Motivational Interviewing among Obese African American Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Table 3
Group medical nutrition therapy/motivational interviewing intervention among African American women with type 2 diabetes: impact on self-care, psychosocial, and physiologic outcomes.
Outcome variable
pre-intervention values
post-intervention values
value*
−18 weeks
−12 weeks
−6 weeks
0
6 weeks
12 weeks
18 weeks
Carbohydrate spacing (days/week)**
2.0 ± 1.9
3.5 ± 1.8
2.9 ± 1.8
3.4 ± 2.0
3.9 ± 1.9
4.3 ± 2.2
4.1 ± 2.0
0.277
Eat 5 fruit/vegetables (days/week)**
3.9 ± 1.8
4.2 ± 1.6
3.9 ± 1.8
4.5 ± 1.7
4.8 ± 1.8
4.7 ± 1.6
4.0 ± 1.9
0.016
Eat high fat food (days/week)
3.8 ± 1.6
3.5 ± 1.8
3.4 ± 1.7
3.7 ± 1.9
3.0 ± 1.9
2.4 ± 1.6
2.9 ± 1.9
0.992
Eat a generally healthy diet (days/week)**
3.3 ± 1.6
4.9 ± 1.3
4.4 ± 1.5
4.4 ± 1.6
5.0 ± 1.5
4.8 ± 1.7
4.3 ± 1.9
0.035
Confidence in choosing restaurant foods (score)***
1.9 ± 0.9
2.0 ± 0.9
2.2 ± 0.9
2.05 ± 0.8
2.1 ± 0.9
1.8 ± 0.9
1.8 ± 0.6
0.055
HbA1c (%)
8.8 ± 2.0
8.3 ± 1.9
9.2 ± 2.1
9.7 ± 2.4
9.4 ± 1.8
9.3 ± 1.8
8.8 ± 2.2
0.029
BMI kg/m2
39 ± 6.5
39.7 ± 6.9
39.6 ± 6.5
39.4 ± 6.8
38.6 ± 6.5
39.2 ± 6.5
38.9 ± 6.8
0.407
Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)
139 ± 19
134 ± 19
139 ± 15
143 ± 16
141 ± 22
139 ± 17
141 ± 26
0.384
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)
84.1 ± 7.8
82.2 ± 8.2
86.0 ± 10.9
84.6 ± 10.8
84.0 ± 10.5
80.9 ± 7.0
81.0 ± 9.7
0.091
Generalized least squares regression was used to compare rate of change in outcomes quantified as the regression coefficient between pre- and post-intervention phases and to account for repeated measures. **From Summary of Diabetes Self-Care activities question; score range 0 to 7 days/week. ***From Confidence in Diabetes Questionnaire [18]; score range from 1 (very confident) to 5 (not confident).
