Identification of Novel Clinical Factors Associated with Hepatic Fat Accumulation in Extreme Obesity

Table 2

Multiple regression results for presence of hepatic fat (grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 versus grade 0).

	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	value
Glucose level
<100 mg/dL	Reference
100–124 mg/dL	1.008	0.774, 1.313	0.950
125–199 mg/dL	1.447	0.976, 2.145	0.656
200+ mg/dL	3.153	1.482, 6.709	0.0029
Serum insulin > 17 µU/mL	2.097	1.692, 2.600	<0.0001
Triglyceride level
<125 mg/dL	Reference
125–199 mg/dL	1.298	1.037, 1.625	0.0227
200+ mg/dL	2.090	1.535, 2.845	<0.0001
HDL < 50 mg/dL	1.479	1.198, 1.828	0.0003
ALT level
Quartile 1 (<20 U/L)	Reference
Quartile 2: (20–25 U/L)	1.470	1.142, 1.891	0.0027
Quartile 3: (26–36 U/L)	2.286	1.747, 2.992	<0.0001
Quartile 4: (37+ U/L)	3.233	2.364, 4.422	<0.0001
Elevated ferritin (>400 ng/mL M, >100 ng/mL F)	1.654	1.210, 2.261	0.0016
Creatinine level
Low (<0.6 mg/dL)	1.571	0.926, 2.663	0.0939
Normal (0.6–1.1 mg/dL)	Reference
High (1.2+ mg/dL)	0.389	0.261, 0.581	<0.0001
Red blood cell count
Quartile 1 (<4.38 M/uL)	Reference
Quartile 2, 3, 4 (4.38+ M/uL)	1.350	1.078, 1.690	0.0088
Chloride level
Quartile 1 or 2 (<103 mmol/L)	1.454	1.185, 1.784	0.0003
Quartile 3 or 4 (103+ mmol/L)	Reference
Iron bind. cap. level
Quartile 1 or 2 (<320 mcg/dL)	Reference
Quartile 3 or 4 (320+ mcg/dL)	1.332	1.071, 1.657	0.0099
Zinc level
Quartile 1 (<70 mcg/dL)	Reference
Quartile 2, 3, or 4 (70+ mcg/dL)	1.351	1.024, 1.781	0.0332
Use of metformin	2.041	1.634, 2.551	<0.0001
Use of estrogen/progestin	0.427	0.308, 0.592	<0.0001
Use of benzodiazepine anticonvulsants	1.855	1.050, 3.278	0.0333
Use of topical corticosteroids	1.521	1.057, 2.189	0.0238
Age > 40	1.295	1.030, 1.629]	0.0272
Waist height ratio
<0.70	Reference
0.70–0.90	1.450	1.059, 1.985	0.0204
>0.90	2.201	1.452, 3.336	0.0002
Sleep apnea diagnosis	1.481	1.198, 1.829	0.0003
Low pre-op weight loss (<10% EWL)	1.844	1.507, 2.256	<0.0001

c-statistic = 0.813.