Research Article

Feasibility and Acceptability of an Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention: Results from the Healthy Homes, Healthy Families Pilot Study

Table 4

Changes in parent behaviors from baseline to month 4 and change scores for healthy homes, healthy families participants.

VariableBL
Mean ± Std. Dev
() (95% CI)
M4
Mean ± Std. Dev
() (95% CI)
Change BL to M4
Mean ± Std. Dev
() (95% CI)
value (2 sided)

Parent role modelling of food practices
Times/day child saw you eat fruit or vegetables w/meal2.44 ± 2.03
(50) (1.86–3.02)
2.42 ± 2.05
(38) (1.75–3.09)
0.11 ± 3.22
(38) (−0.95–1.16)
0.8414
Times/day child saw you eat fruit or vegetables as a snack1.90 ± 2.01
(50) (1.33–2.47)
1.77 ± 1.51
(39) (1.28–2.26)
−0.03 ± 2.42
(39) (−0.81–0.76)
0.9476
Days child saw you drink low-fat milk1.74 ± 2.62
(50) (1.00–2.48)
2.41 ± 2.90
(39) (1.47–3.35)
0.87 ± 2.45
(39) (0.08–1.67)
0.0324*
Days child saw you eating fast food1.30 ± 1.37
(50) (0.91–1.69)
0.90 ± 1.33
(39) (0.47–1.33)
−0.33 ± 1.03
(39) (–0.67–0)
0.0513
Times/day child saw you drink sweetened drinks1.84 ± 1.60
(50) (1.39–2.29)
1.49 ± 1.32
(39) (1.06–1.91)
−0.15 ± 1.91
(39) (–0.77–0.47)
0.6184
Parent role modelling of activity practices
Days child saw you walk from place to place1.41 ± 2.21
(49) (0.77–2.04)
1.77 ± 2.38
(39) (1.00–2.54)
0.71 ± 1.93
(38) (0.08–1.34)
0.0292*
Days child saw you exercising0.73 ± 1.45
(49) (0.32–1.15)
1.54 ± 2.16
(39) (0.84–2.24)
0.72 ± 1.64
(39) (0.19–1.25)
0.0094*
Min/day child saw you watching TV131.90 ± 100.58
(50) (103.31–160.49)
88.08 ± 58.62
(39) (69.07–107.08)
−47.18 ± 116.61
(39) (−84.98–−9.38)
0.0158*
Min/day child saw you playing on computer73.60 ± 109.44
(50) (42.50–104.70)
50.38 ± 77.75
(39) (25.18–75.59)
−17.05 ± 68.86
(39) (−39.37–5.27)
0.1303
Parental support for child’s physical activity
Days you did physically active things w/your child2.20 ± 2.15
(50) (1.59–2.81)
2.46 ± 2.17
(39) (1.76–3.17)
0.28 ± 2.65
(39) (−0.58–1.14)
0.5095
Days you did physically active things as a family1.80 ± 1.82
(50) (1.28–2.32)
1.33 ± 1.80
(39) (0.75–1.92)
−0.41 ± 2.05
(39) (−1.07–0.25)
0.2187
Days/week you took child to be physically active3.40 ± 2.09
(50) (2.81–3.99)
2.97 ± 2.24
(39) (2.25–3.70)
−0.38 ± 3.01
(39) (−1.36–0.59)
0.4305
Days/week you suggested child to play outside3.46 ± 2.62
(50) (2.72–4.20)
2.44 ± 2.01
(39) (1.78–3.09)
−0.79 ± 3.06
(39) (−1.79–0.20)
0.1133
Home food environment
Times/day you gave child fruit to eat1.86 ± 1.22
(49) (1.51–2.21)
2.21 ± 1.49
(39) (1.72–2.69)
0.47 ± 1.62
(38) (−0.06–1.01)
0.0802
Times/day you gave child vegetables to eat1.78 ± 1.52
(50) (1.35–2.21)
1.64 ± 1.22
(39) (1.24–2.04)
−0.05 ± 1.69
(39) (−0.60–0.49)
0.8503
Days/week you have cut up fv for child to eat3.88 ± 2.60
(50) (3.14–4.62)
3.81 ± 2.22
(32) (3.01–4.61)
0.22 ± 2.71
(32) (−0.76–1.20)
0.6510
Days per week the child consumed low-fat milk 3.84 ± 3.21
(50) (2.93–4.75)
4.64 ± 3.14
(39) (3.62–5.66)
1.13 ± 3.22
(39) (0.08–2.17)
0.0350*
Days/week had soda in your home for child to drink0.82 ± 1.84
(50) (0.30–1.34)
0.90 ± 1.70
(39) (0.35–1.45)
−0.05 ± 2.03
(39) (−0.71–0.61)
0.8752
Days/week you had sweetened drinks in your home for child to drink2.90 ± 2.87
(50) (2.08–3.72)
2.85 ± 2.87
(39) (1.92–3.78)
−0.31 ± 3.13
(39) (−1.32–0.71)
0.5429
Days/week you had sweets for child to eat3.94 ± 2.67
(50) (3.18–4.70)
3.74 ± 2.59
(39) (2.90–4.58)
−0.64 ± 2.99
(39) (−1.61–0.33)
0.1881
Days/week you had salty snack for child to eat2.88 ± 2.50
(50) (2.17–3.59)
3.36 ± 2.45
(39) (2.56–4.15)
0.13 ± 2.68
(39) (−0.74–1.00)
0.7665
Parent praise/encouragement for diet and/PA
Days/week you praised child for drinking low-fat milk0.92 ± 2.13
(50) (0.32–1.52)
2.23 ± 3.14
(39) (1.21–3.25)
1.26 ± 3.18
(39) (0.23–2.29)
0.0181*
Days/week you praised child for eating fv2.63 ± 2.58
(49) (1.89–3.37)
4.51 ± 2.58
(39) (3.68–5.35)
1.85 ± 2.42
(39) (1.06–2.63)
<0.0001*
Days/week you praised child for not drinking sweetened drinks1.06 ± 2.26
(49) (0.41–1.71)
1.51 ± 2.43
(39) (0.73–2.30)
0.53 ± 2.48
(38) (−0.29–1.34)
0.1988
Days/week you encouraged child to watch less TV2.40 ± 2.60
(50) (1.66–3.14)
4.31 ± 2.24
(26) (3.40–5.21)
1.35 ± 2.48
(26) (0.34–2.35)
0.0105*
Days/week you praised child for being physically active2.88 ± 2.90
(49) (2.05–3.71)
3.54 ± 2.78
(39) (2.64–4.44)
0.49 ± 2.99
(39) (−0.48–1.46)
0.3153
Parent household rules
Limit number of days child spends watching TV/videos3.22 ± 1.28
(50) (2.86–3.58)
3.51 ± 1.32
(39) (3.09–3.94)
0.46 ± 1.25
(39) (0.06–0.87)
0.0271*
Limit number of days child plays video games4.48 ± 1.76
(50) (3.98–4.98)
4.56 ± 1.70
(39) (4.01–5.11)
0.31 ± 1.70
(39) (−0.24–0.86)
0.2665
Limit number of days child spends on computer4.54 ± 1.80
(50) (4.03–5.00)
5.00 ± 1.54
(39) (4.50–5.50)
0.56 ± 1.94
(39) (−0.07–1.19)
0.0779
Limit number of days child drinks 100% juice 2.50 ± 1.39
(50) (2.11–2.89)
3.15 ± 1.44
(39) (2.69–3.62)
0.62 ± 1.14
(39) (0.25–0.98)
0.0017
Limit number of days child eats fast food 3.82 ± 1.22
(50) (3.47–4.17)
4.44 ± 1.05
(39) (4.10–4.78)
0.69 ± 1.59
(39) (0.18–1.21)
0.0099

Indicates significant group differences, .