Associations of Body Mass Index with Sexual Risk-Taking and Injection Drug Use among US High School Students

Table 5

Prevalence and adjusted odds ratios for HIV/STD-related risk behaviors among currently sexually active^a male high school students, United States, 2005–2011.

Regression model	Multiple sex partners^b			No condom use^c			Injection drug use^d
	%	OR	(95% CI)	%	OR	(95% CI)	%	OR	(95% CI)
BMI category
Normal	43.2	1.00	(Referent)	30.0	1.00	(Referent)	4.4	1.00	(Referent)
Underweight	38.2	0.83	(0.52–1.33)	35.8	1.25	(0.84–1.86)	5.3	0.91	(0.45–1.82)
Overweight	47.3	1.08	(0.90–1.30)	33.8	1.19	(1.04–1.38)	4.6	0.85	(0.57–1.26)
Obese	47.7	1.02	(0.87–1.20)	32.6	1.03	(0.87–1.23)	6.2	1.02	(0.72–1.45)
Race/ethnicity
White	36.2	1.00	(Referent)	31.5	1.00	(Referent)	5.2	1.00	(Referent)
Black	66.0	3.28	(2.72–3.96)	25.8	0.76	(0.64–0.90)	3.5	0.46	(0.29–0.73)
Hispanic	48.9	1.74	(1.50–2.01)	35.2	1.18	(1.01–1.37)	6.9	1.16	(0.80–1.70)
Other	50.7	1.59	(1.19–2.12)	37.4	1.20	(0.90–1.61)	10.0	1.11	(0.70–1.77)
Grade
9th	45.6	1.00	(Referent)	27.7	1.00	(Referent)	6.9	1.00	(Referent)
10th	46.3	1.43	(1.15–1.79)	27.8	1.16	(0.94–1.43)	6.1	1.52	(0.99–2.34)
11th	42.9	1.49	(1.21–1.84)	32.1	1.43	(1.16–1.77)	5.6	1.51	(0.99–2.29)
12th	46.4	1.94	(1.59–2.36)	36.1	1.73	(1.38–2.16)	4.1	1.21	(0.80–1.85)
Suicidal thoughts^e
No	44.4	1.00	(Referent)	28.9	1.00	(Referent)	3.1	1.00	(Referent)
Yes	50.8	1.05	(0.88–1.26)	45.6	1.85	(1.57–2.18)	18.5	4.17	(3.08–5.62)
Early sexual initiation^f
No	36.4	1.00	(Referent)	30.2	1.00	(Referent)	2.9	1.00	(Referent)
Yes	81.4	6.83	(5.61–8.31)	36.7	1.38	(1.17–1.61)	16.3	5.14	(3.69–7.17)
Alcohol or drug use; before sex^g
No	38.6	1.00	(Referent)	29.6	1.00	(Referent)	2.1	1.00	(Referent)
Yes	63.5	2.72	(2.38–3.11)	36.8	1.15	(0.99–1.33)	15.2	5.17	(3.94–6.79)

BMI: body mass index = weight [kg]/height [m]² (based on self-reported height and weight, using age- and sex-specific percentiles from growth charts developed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); normal = 5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile; underweight = BMI < 5th percentile; overweight = 85th percentile ≤ BMI < 95th percentile; and obese = BMI ≥ 95th percentile. HIV: human immunodeficiency virus. STD: sexually transmitted disease. OR: odds ratio, adjusted for other variables in the model. CI: confidence interval.
^aHad sexual intercourse during the 3 months before the survey.
^bHad sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their lifetime (among students who were currently sexually active).
^cUsed a condom during last sexual intercourse (among students who were currently sexually active).
^dEver used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body (among students who were currently sexually active).
^eSeriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months.
^fHad first sexual intercourse before age of 13.
^gUsed alcohol or drugs before last sexual intercourse.