Is Acculturation Related to Obesity in Hispanic/Latino Adults? Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Table 1

Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association of moderate and extreme obesity with Hispanic background, sociodemographic variables, and acculturation.

	Overweight; (BMI = 25–29.9 kg/m^2); OR (95% CI)	Moderate obesity; (BMI = 30–39 kg/m^2); OR (95% CI)	Extreme obesity; (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m^2); OR (95% CI)
Hispanic/Latino background
Central-American
Bronx versus Chicago	1.07 (0.56, 2.04)	1.40 (0.76, 2.59)	1.06 (0.40, 2.81)
Miami versus Chicago	0.99 (0.64, 1.54)	1.33 (0.92, 1.93)	1.52 (0.75, 3.07)
Bronx versus Miami	1.07 (0.58, 1.98)	1.05 (0.60, 1.85)	0.70 (0.29, 1.69)
Mexican
Bronx versus Chicago	1.42 (0.83, 2.43)	1.66 (0.94, 2.93)	0.13 (0.03, 0.58)
Chicago versus San Diego	1.06 (0.86, 1.31)	1.30 (1.02, 1.64)	1.40 (0.95, 2.07)
San Diego versus Bronx	0.66 (0.38, 1.15)	0.47 (0.26, 0.83)	5.48 (1.23, 24.50)
Puerto Rican
Bronx versus Chicago	1.39 (0.97, 2.01)	1.22 (0.83, 1.80)	1.78 (1.04, 3.06)
South American
Bronx versus Chicago	1.31 (0.67, 2.57)	1.32 (0.63, 2.76)	2.49 (0.78, 7.90)
Chicago versus Miami	1.60 (1.02, 2.51)	1.62 (0.96, 2.75)	0.66 (0.19, 2.22)
Bronx versus Miami	2.10 (1.05, 4.18)	2.15 (1.06, 4.37)	1.63 (0.51, 5.26)
Household income
Missing	0.77 (0.60, 0.99)	0.81 (0.62, 1.06)	0.82 (0.53, 1.29)
$20,000	1.05 (0.87, 1.28)	1.13 (0.92, 1.38)	1.62 (1.17, 2.26)
$20,001–$40,000	0.99 (0.81, 1.21)	1.10 (0.89, 1.36)	1.65 (1.16, 2.34)
>$40,000	Reference	Reference	Reference
Educational attainment
Less than high school education	1.10 (0.93, 1.32)	1.19 (1.00, 1.42)	1.21 (0.90, 1.62)
High school education or equivalent	1.07 (0.91, 1.25)	1.10 (0.93, 1.31)	1.30 (0.95, 1.77)
Greater than high school education	Reference	Reference	Reference
Number of years living in the US
Less than 20 years	Reference	Reference	Reference
20 years	0.98 (0.82, 1.17)	1.30 (1.10, 1.54)	2.12 (1.59, 2.83)
Born mainland US	0.91 (0.72, 1.16)	1.30 (1.00, 1.69)	2.77 (1.88, 4.08)
Acculturation (SASH)
Language acculturation	1.03 (0.94, 1.14)	1.06 (0.94, 1.18)	1.16 (1.00, 1.35)
Social relations	0.87 (0.77, 0.99)	0.91 (0.80, 1.05)	0.95 (0.78, 1.17)
Type of food eaten (dietary acculturation)
Mainly Hispanic	Reference	Reference	Reference
Mostly Hispanic	1.05 (0.91, 1.23)	0.96 (0.83, 1.10)	1.22 (0.93, 1.60)
Equal amounts	1.03 (0.84, 1.27)	1.07 (0.89, 1.30)	1.45 (1.04, 2.02)
Mainly/mostly American	0.88 (0.61, 1.27)	1.03 (0.71, 1.50)	0.55 (0.31, 0.95)

From generalized logistic regression model adjusted for all covariates listed in the table plus sex, age group, and sampling weights.