Prenatal Stress due to a Natural Disaster Predicts Adiposity in Childhood: The Iowa Flood Study
Table 1
Correlations among predictor and outcome variables and descriptive statistics.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Mean
SD
Predictors
1 Obj. hardship
1
0.40**
0.18
−0.05
−0.15
0.09
−0.01
0.09
−0.06
−0.09
0.18
0.22*
1.8
0.8
106
2 Subj. distress
0.40**
1
0.00
0.10
−0.02
0.12
0.02
−0.01
−0.26*
−0.21*
0.30**
0.19
1.3
1.1
106
3 Timing
0.18
0.00
1
0.07
−0.02
0.04
−0.08
−0.10
0.10
0.02
−0.17
−0.01
140.5
78.0
106
4 Birth weight
−0.05
0.10
0.07
1
−0.02
0.02
−0.08
−0.05
0.06
0.02
0.09
0.02
3531
469
106
5 Fetal risk
−0.15
−0.02
−0.02
−0.02
1
0.57**
0.53**
0.06
−0.25*
−0.18
−0.11
0.13
0.6
0.9
106
6 Mat. BMI 2.5
0.09
0.12
0.04
0.02
0.57**
1
0.92**
0.00
−0.40**
−0.19
0.06
0.26**
26.5
5.8
99
7 Mat. BMI 4
−0.01
0.02
−0.08
−0.08
0.53**
0.92**
1
0.09
−0.46**
−0.20
0.02
0.27*
27.3
7.3
75
8 Smoking
0.09
−0.01
−0.10
−0.05
0.06
0.00
0.09
1
0.01
−0.14
0.18
0.25*
0.3
1.5
106
9 BF duration
−0.06
−0.26*
0.10
0.06
−0.25*
−0.40**
−0.46**
0.01
1
0.26*
−0.07
−0.03
8.2
7.0
98
10 SES
−0.09
−0.21*
0.02
0.02
−0.18
−0.19
−0.20
−0.14
0.26*
1
−0.16
−0.26**
53.3
9.8
106
Mat. gen. depr.
0.18
0.30**
−0.17
0.09
−0.11
0.06
0.02
0.18
−0.07
−0.16
1
0.42**
33.2
8.2
106
Mat. life events
0.22*
0.19
−0.01
0.02
0.13
0.26**
0.27*
0.25*
−0.03
−0.26**
0.42**
1
3.0
2.1
106
Child outcomes
BMIZ 2.5
0.02
0.17
−0.05
0.24*
−0.12
0.14
0.31*
0.03
−0.09
−0.09
0.08
−0.01
−0.03
1.00
98
BMIZ 4
−0.15
0.08
−0.24*
0.16
0.20
0.45**
0.51**
−0.03
−0.19
−0.12
0.07
0.14
0.40
1.09
77
BMIZ dif.
0.06
0.01
−0.28*
−0.08
0.34**
0.29*
0.34**
0.29*
−0.10
−0.05
−0.03
0.16
0.38
0.85
69
SS + TR 2.5
0.09
0.10
−0.25*
0.06
−0.12
0.05
0.22
−0.05
−0.10
0.13
0.09
−0.10
13.9
2.7
88
SS + TR 4
0.13
0.26*
−0.26*
0.09
0.08
0.32*
0.42**
0.15
−0.24
−0.22
0.04
0.14
17.2
3.7
62
SS + TR dif.
0.38**
0.42**
−0.18
0.07
0.19
0.28*
0.36*
0.67**
−0.11
−0.16
0.03
0.27
3.3
3.1
52
SS : TR 2.5
0.03
−0.06
0.00
0.00
−0.20
−0.04
−0.01
0.07
0.19
−0.07
−0.07
0.10
0.61
0.17
88
SS : TR 4
−0.11
0.03
−0.13
0.23
−0.08
−0.11
−0.11
0.03
0.15
0.00
0.23
−0.02
0.64
0.22
62
SS : TR dif.
−0.04
0.18
−0.19
0.27
0.02
−0.13
−0.13
0.04
0.11
0.09
0.36**
−0.07
0.06
0.26
52
; . Abbreviations: Obj. hardship: objective hardship; Subj. distr.: subjective distress; Mat.: maternal; BMI: body mass index; BF duration: breastfeeding duration (months); SES: socioeconomic status; gen. depr.: general depression; BMIZ: body mass index -Score; Dif.: difference between values at age 2.5 and 4 years; SS: subscapular skinfold; TR: triceps skinfold.
