|
Intervention | Authors | Type of analysis | Outcome variables | Results |
|
PATH | Bowen et al., 2006 [49] | Between-group analyses | Perceived stress | No significant difference |
Anxiety | No significant difference |
Depression | No significant difference |
General mental health | No significant difference |
Physical functioning | Significantly improved among intervention group compared to control group |
Social support: emotional | No significant difference |
Social support: affection | Significantly higher for the control group compared to the exercisers |
Social support: tangible | No significant difference |
Social support: overall | No significant difference |
| | |
Within-group analyses | Perceived stress | No significant difference |
Anxiety | No significant difference |
Depression | (i) No significant difference between baseline and 12-month follow-up for intervention group (ii) Control group of stretchers significantly improved on depression after 12 months |
General mental health | (i) Significantly improved between baseline and 12-month follow-up for intervention group (ii) No significant difference for participants in the control group |
Physical functioning | (i) No significant difference between baseline and 12-month follow-up for intervention group (ii) Control group of stretchers significantly improved on physical functioning after 12 months |
Social support: emotional | No significant difference |
Social support: affection | (i) No significant difference between baseline and 12-month follow-up for intervention group (ii) Control group of stretchers significantly improved on affection subscale after 12 months |
Social support: tangible | No significant difference |
Social support: overall | No significant difference |
| | | |
Campbell et al., 2010 [50] | Between-group analyses | VO2 max | Significantly increased by 13.6% compared to the 0.2% increase in the control group |
Body weight | Significantly decreased by 1.3 kg compared to the 0.3 kg decrease in the control group |
Percent of body fat | Significantly decreased by 1.4% compared to the 0.1% decrease in the control group |
Intra-abdominal fat | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
Subcutaneous fat | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
Waist circumference | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
Lean body mass | No significant difference |
|
NEW | Foster-Schubert et al., 2012 [51] | Between-group analyses | Pedometer steps | Significantly increased by 42% compared to the control group |
VO2 max | Significantly increased by 9% compared to the control group |
Body weight | Significantly decreased by 2.0 kg compared to the 0.7 kg decrease in the control group |
Waist circumference | Significantly decreased by 2.0 cm compared to the 0.9 cm decrease in the control group |
Percent of body fat | Significantly decreased by 1.6% compared to the control group |
Lean mass | No significant difference |
| | |
Within-group analyses stratified by dose of physical activity: <154 min/wk, 154–196 min/wk, and ≥196 min/wk | Body weight | Significantly decreased for only those who did ≥196 min/wk of physical activity |
BMI | Significantly decreased for only those who did ≥196 min/wk of physical activity Marginally significant decreased for those who did 154–196 min/wk of physical activity |
Waist circumference | Significantly decreased for those who did 154–196 and ≥196 min/wk of physical activity |
Percent of body fat | Significantly decreased for those who did 154–196 and ≥196 min/wk of physical activity |
| | | |
Imayama et al., 2011 [52] | Between-group analyses | Quality of life: physical functioning | No significant difference |
Quality of life: role physical | No significant difference |
Quality of life: vitality | No significant difference |
Quality of life: mental health | No significant difference |
Perceived stress | No significant difference |
Anxiety | No significant difference |
Depression | No significant difference |
Social support | No significant difference |
| | |
Within-group analyses | Perceived stress | No significant difference |
Anxiety | No significant difference |
Depression | No significant difference |
Social support | No significant difference |
|
DREW |
Church et al., 2007 [88] | Between-group analyses | Body weight | No significant difference |
Percent of body fat | No significant difference |
Waist circumference | Significantly decreased in all intervention groups compared to the control group |
Peak power output | Significantly increased in all intervention groups (7.6%, 10.7%, and 12.9%, resp.) |
Peak maximal fitness | Significantly increased in all intervention groups (4.2%, 6.0%, and 8.2%, resp.) |
Peak relative fitness | Significantly increased in all intervention groups (4.7%, 7.0%, and 8.5%, resp.) |
| | |
Martin et al., 2009 [47] | Between-group analyses | Physical quality of life: physical functioning | Moderate and high doses of physical activity significantly improved compared to control group |
Physical quality of life: role limitations | Moderate and high doses of physical activity significantly improved compared to control group |
Physical quality of life: bodily pain | No significant difference |
Physical quality of life: general health perceptions | All doses of intervention groups significantly improved compared to the control group |
Social quality of life: social functioning | Moderate and high doses of physical activity significantly improved compared to control group |
Social quality of life: role limitation | Moderate and high doses of physical activity significantly improved compared to control group |
Social quality of life: vitality | All doses of intervention groups significantly improved compared to the control group |
Social quality of life: mental health | All doses of intervention groups significantly improved compared to the control group |
Sisson et al., 2009 [48] | Between-group analysis | VO2 max | Significantly increased per pairwise comparison except the low dose versus moderate dose of physical activity |
|
WOMAN | Gabriel et al., 2011 [53] | Between-group analyses | Body weight | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
BMI | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
Waist circumference | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
Fat mass | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
400-meter walk time | Significantly decreased compared to the control group |
| |
Within-group analyses | Body weight | Significantly decreased between baseline and 12-month follow-up |
BMI | Significantly decreased between baseline and 12-month follow-up |
Waist circumference | Significantly decreased between baseline and 12-month follow-up |
Body fat mass | Significantly decreased between baseline and 12-month follow-up |
400-meter walk time | (i) Marginally significant decrease for intervention participants between baseline and 48-month follow-up |
(ii) No change for control group participants between baseline and 48 months |
|
ALPHA | Friedenreich et al., 2011 [54] | Between-group analyses | Body weight | Significantly decreased by 2.3 kg compared to the 0.5 kg decrease in the control group |
Body fat mass | Significantly decreased by 2.4 kg compared to the 0.4 kg decrease in the control group |
Abdominal fat | Significantly decreased by 16.5 cm2 compared to the 9.6 cm2 decrease in the control group |
Waist circumference | Significantly decreased by 2.2 cm compared to the 0.1 cm decrease in the control group |
Lean body mass | No significant difference |
VO2 max | Significantly increased by 14.2% compared to the 2.6% increase in the control group |
|