Do Lactation-Induced Changes in Ghrelin, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, and Peptide YY Influence Appetite and Body Weight Regulation during the First Postpartum Year?
Table 1
Physical and anthropometric characteristics and resting metabolism in postpartum lactating and never-pregnant control women.
Never-pregnant women ()
Lactating women ()
Race/ethnicity (W/L/A, MR)
18/1/1/0
21/1/1/1
Age (yr)
25.7 5.3
26.6 6.1
NS
Anthropometrics and body composition
Height (cm)
167.6 5.9
166.7 6.9
NS
Weight (kg)
68.7 9.1
71.0 10.0
NS
BMI (kg/m2)
24.0 3.1
25.2 3.6
NS
Body fat (%)
35.6 7.6
39.4 6.3
0.08
Fat mass (kg)
23.8 7.8
27.1 7.7
NS
Lean mass (kg)
41.9 3.7
40.5 3.8
NS
Body fat gynoid (%)
45.1 6.2
48.4 4.9
0.06
Body fat android (percentage)
37.8 10.2
43.5 8.4
0.05
Waist circumference (cm)
82.0 9.0
93.2 9.3
0.000
Hip circumference (cm)
100.1 7.9
103.4 9.3
NS
Resting energy expenditure and sleep
RMR (kJ/day)
6263 1063
5812 1192
NS
Adj RMR (kJ/day)
6113 506
5925 490
NS
RQ
0.72 0.05
0.73 0.06
NS
Heart rate (bpm)
60.1 39.2
70.6 25.7
W, white; L, Latino; A, Asian; MR, mixed race; BMI, body mass index; RMR, resting metabolic rate; RQ, respiratory quotient; missing data; RMR adjusted for differences in fat-free mass, fat mass, and age (5925 490 kJ/day, lactating versus control).
