Do Lactation-Induced Changes in Ghrelin, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, and Peptide YY Influence Appetite and Body Weight Regulation during the First Postpartum Year?
Table 4
Anthropometric characteristics and fasting hormone concentrations of postpartum lactating and never-pregnant control women completing the longitudinal study.
Characteristic
Never-pregnant women ()
Lactating women ()
Baseline
6 months
12 months
Baseline
6 months
12 months
Height (cm)
169.5 5.5
169.0 5.9
169.0 5.9
168.1 7.7
168.1 7.8
168.1 7.9
NS
Weight (kg)
68.6 8.6
69.1 9.0
68.7 9.9
70.8 9.2
66.5 10.1
65.6 9.5
BMI (kg/m2)
24.2 2.7
24.2 2.9
24.1 3.2
25.0 3.4
23.6 3.8
23.0 3.8
Body fat (%)
35.3 5.7
36.0 5.9
35.8 6.2
38.9 5.8
35.9 7.1
34.5 7.9
Fat mass (kg)
23.6 6.4
24.2 6.8
23.9 7.6
26.5 6.9
23.5 8.0
22.2 8.2
Lean mass (kg)
42.4 3.3
42.1 3.2
42.1 3.6
40.7 3.9
40.2 3.6
40.3 4.2
Body fat gynoid (%)
45.2 4.5
45.2 4.5
45.3 5.0
48.2 4.6
45.5 6.3
44.0 6.6
Body fat android (%)
37.8 9.0
39.5 9.0
38.2 9.3
42.7 8.0
39.3 8.8
37.3 10.4
Waist circumference (cm)
81.7 8.3
81.3 8.4
79.0 16.2
92.9 7.6
82.4 16.1
82.0 9.1
Hip circumference (cm)
99.6 7.4
102.3 5.3
98.4 17.8
102.9 8.2
97.2 17.5
99.4 8.4
NS
Prolactin (ng/mL)
18.0 5.8
23.2 4.3
26.6 4.6
58.2 5.6
30.0 4.2
21.5 4.4
Leptin (ng/mL)
15.1 10.0
15.6 9.1
16.3 8.7
14.1 7.4
13.8 8.7
13.2 9.9
Insulin (U/mL)
0.7 1.9
0.9 2.2
1.9 3.6
0.2 0.7
1.1 1.3
1.9 4.0
Ghrelin (pg/mL)
830.6 358.8
1111.7 812.0
693.9 318.2
731.9 242.4
750.2 358.8
704.2 301.8
Ghrelin (pg/mL)
105.9 83.4
133.7 85.6
83.9 67.8
101.6 107.8
79.0 56.5
79.2 79.8
PYY (pg/mL)
110.7 41.4
126.6 44.2
138.4 38.2
101.0 31.1
137.7 43.7
140.9 49.8
†
GLP-1 (pM)
14.8 9.2
15.3 9.0
16.1 6.6
12.0 5.9
12.4 6.3
11.4 4.0
Ghrelin, acylated (active) ghrelin; group by time interaction, ; time effect, .
