Associations of Diabetes and Obesity with Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Men

Table 2

Hazard ratio of clinically diagnosed AAA in association with baseline body mass index (BMI) overall and in subgroups.

BMI categories		Basic	, interaction	Multivariable	, interaction
All men
<25 kg/m^2	174	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	238	1.44 (1.18–1.75)		1.30 (1.06–1.59)
≥30 kg/m^2	59	2.11 (1.56–2.85)		1.69 (1.24–2.30)
Age			0.93		0.89
<65 years
<25 kg/m^2	30	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	49	1.35 (0.86–2.13)		1.12 (0.70–1.77)
≥30 kg/m^2	18	2.16 (1.20–3.88)		1.59 (0.86–2.92)
≥65 years
<25 kg/m^2	144	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	189	1.42 (1.14–1.76)		1.31 (1.05–1.63)
≥30 kg/m^2	41	1.95 (1.37–2.78)		1.62 (1.13–2.33)
Smoking status			0.70		0.68
Never
<25 kg/m^2	51	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	59	1.33 (0.91–1.95)		1.30 (0.89–1.91)
≥30 kg/m^2	10	1.53 (0.77–3.05)		1.44 (0.71–2.90)
Ever
<25 kg/m^2	123	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	178	1.35 (1.07–1.70)		1.25 (0.99–1.58)
≥30 kg/m^2	49	1.94 (1.39–2.72)		1.64 (1.16–2.32)
Alcohol use			0.40		0.38
Less than daily
<25 kg/m^2	85	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	140	1.62 (1.24–2.13)		1.49 (1.13–1.96)
≥30 kg/m^2	37	2.28 (1.54–3.38)		1.84 (1.23–2.76)
More than daily
<25 kg/m^2	85	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	95	1.30 (0.97–1.75)		1.13 (0.84–1.53)
≥30 kg/m^2	22	2.17 (1.35–3.50)		1.72 (1.06–2.80)
Vigorous exercise			0.63		0.51
Less than once per week
<25 kg/m^2	72	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	109	1.33 (0.99–1.80)		1.27 (0.93–1.72)
≥30 kg/m^2	37	2.10 (1.40–3.15)		1.87 (1.23–2.84)
More than once per week
<25 kg/m^2	101	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	128	1.48 (1.14–1.92)		1.32 (1.01–1.72)
≥30 kg/m^2	21	1.79 (1.11–2.87)		1.38 (0.85–2.24)
Cardiovascular disease			0.71		0.68
No
<25 kg/m^2	131	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	186	1.49 (1.19–1.87)		1.35 (1.08–1.70)
≥30 kg/m^2	45	2.14 (1.52–3.02)		1.72 (1.21–2.45)
Yes
<25 kg/m^2	43	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	52	1.17 (0.78–1.76)		1.11 (0.73–1.68)
≥30 kg/m^2	14	1.68 (0.90–3.14)		1.52 (0.80–2.87)
Hypertension			0.21		0.25
No
<25 kg/m^2	73	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	79	1.37 (0.99–1.88)		1.27 (0.92–1.76)
≥30 kg/m^2	21	2.82 (1.72–4.62)		2.42 (1.46–3.99)
Yes
<25 kg/m^2	101	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	158	1.34 (1.04–1.73)		1.28 (0.99–1.65)
≥30 kg/m^2	38	1.53 (1.04–2.25)		1.39 (0.94–2.06)
Hypercholesterolemia			0.33		0.21
No
<25 kg/m^2	81	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	118	1.62 (1.22–2.15)		1.50 (1.12–2.00)
≥30 kg/m^2	24	1.99 (1.26–3.16)		1.59 (0.99–2.55)
Yes
<25 kg/m^2	91	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	117	1.25 (0.95–1.64)		1.12 (0.85–1.49)
≥30 kg/m^2	34	2.13 (1.42–3.18)		1.75 (1.16–2.66)
Diabetes
No			0.27		0.30
<25 kg/m^2	161	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	216	1.45 (1.18–1.78)		1.32 (1.07–1.63)
≥30 kg/m^2	54	2.31 (1.69–3.16)		1.84 (1.34–2.53)
Yes
<25 kg/m^2	13	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–<30 kg/m^2	22	1.21 (0.60–2.42)		1.00 (0.49–2.03)
≥30 kg/m^2	5	0.91 (0.31–2.69)		0.69 (0.23–2.07)

adjusted for age, race, randomized treatment assignment (aspirin, β-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, multivitamin).
additionally adjusted for smoking status (never, past, current), alcohol use (none, monthly, weekly, daily), vigorous exercise (<1 time/week, 1-2 times/week, 3-4 times/week, 5–7 times/week), history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes (each yes, no), unless in the specific subgroup.