The Association between Obesity and Cognitive Function in Otherwise Healthy Premenopausal Arab Women
Table 2
Association of BMI categories with cognitive outcomes (attention, memory, and planning ability).
Name of CANTAB test and cognitive outcomes
Body mass index category (kg/M2)
value
Normal
Overweight
Obese
Morbidly obese
Reaction Time (RTI) for attention
Five-choice movement time (ms)
334.7 ± 103.8
371.5 ± 84.8
332.9 ± 70.6
338.8 ± 111.6
0.756
Five-choice reaction time (ms)
320.6 ± 43.6
342.1 ± 31.5
331.1 ± 42
351.4 ± 54.1
0.253
Five-choice accuracy (%)
98.8 ± 2.7
100 ± 0
100 ± 0
97.5 ± 5.4
0.175
Simple movement time (ms)
355.5 ± 134.9
408.4 ± 141.1
392.9 ± 172.3
340.6 ± 129
0.568
Simple reaction time (ms)
307.8 ± 76.7
305.5 ± 24.1
322.9 ± 86.9
323.6 ± 63.8
0.645
Delayed Match to Sample (DMS) for memory
Mean correct latency (ms)
3163.1 ± 653.8
3321.5 ± 782.1
3473.5 ± 826.8
3715.4 ± 915.3
0.117
Mean correct latency (all delays) (ms)
3326.3 ± 627.7
3429.8 ± 822.9
3556.7 ± 853.7
3792.6 ± 1091.5
0.342
Mean correct latency (simultaneous) (ms)
2713.1 ± 939.8
3051.6 ± 876.5
3204.7 ± 1410.1
3498.2 ± 871.8
0.005
Mean correct latency (0 ms delay) (ms)
2724.9 ± 767.4
2776.3 ± 650.1
2835.9 ± 561.4
3312.6 ± 1165.6
0.045
Mean correct latency (4000 ms delay) (ms)
3219.7 ± 1013.5
3886 ± 1275.3
3518.9 ± 1068.4
3928.2 ± 1411
0.165
Mean correct latency (12000 ms delay) (ms)
4149.4 ± 644.9
3585.2 ± 953.9
4197.7 ± 1884.8
4092.6 ± 1460.2
0.228
Percent correct (%)
88.6 ± 12.1
85.4 ± 9
85.9 ± 9.5
86.6 ± 10.3
0.445
Percent correct (all delays) (%)
85.1 ± 15.6
81.7 ± 12.1
81.5 ± 12.3
82.6 ± 13.4
0.511
Percent correct (simultaneous) (%)
98.8 ± 4.9
96.5 ± 9.8
99.1 ± 4.3
98.3 ± 5.6
0.728
Percent correct (0 ms delay) (%)
85.6 ± 18.5
85.2 ± 16.2
79.8 ± 13.8
83.9 ± 19
0.436
Percent correct (4000 ms delay) (%)
87.1 ± 21.1
87 ± 14.3
89.4 ± 12.8
85.4 ± 14.9
0.679
Percent correct (12000 ms delay) (%)
83.5 ± 19
73 ± 23
75.5 ± 25.4
78.5 ± 24.4
0.476
Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM)
Mean correct latency (ms)
2301.9 ± 824.2
2967.4 ± 1667.5
2629.9 ± 1034.6
2868.1 ± 995.5
0.044
Percent correct (%)
92.2 ± 6.4
85.7 ± 12.7
88.6 ± 10.1
85 ± 14
0.182
Spatial Span (SSP) for memory
Span length (1–9)
6.7 ± 0.9
5.5 ± 1.3
6.1 ± 1.5
5.6 ± 1.6
0.011
Total errors
17.6 ± 4.7
13.5 ± 5
14.6 ± 7.6
14.3 ± 6.5
0.082
Total usage errors
2.4 ± 1.9
2.4 ± 1.6
1.9 ± 1.3
2.7 ± 2.2
0.670
Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) for planning ability
SOC mean moves (2 moves)
2.1 ± 0.2
2.2 ± 0.5
2.1 ± 0.2
2.2 ± 0.4
0.485
SOC mean moves (3 moves)
3.5 ± 0.9
3.7 ± 0.9
3.6 ± 0.7
3.6 ± 1
0.618
SOC mean moves (4 moves)
5 ± 1.1
5 ± 1
5.3 ± 1.4
5 ± 1.1
0.784
SOC problems solved in minimum moves (0–12)
5 ± 1.2
5 ± 1.5
4.7 ± 1.1
5.2 ± 1.5
0.549
ms: milliseconds; accuracy/correct (%) ranges from 0 to 100%. Span length is a discrete value (ranging from 1 to 9): the longest sequence participant correctly recalled. SOC parameters are all discrete. Mean move for 2, 3, or 4 is the average number of moves a participant takes to solve a problem that requires only 2, 3, or 4 moves, respectively. SOC: problems solved in minimum moves out of maximum possible 12. Significantly different from Normal BMI group ().
