Research Article

Effects of Immediate or Delayed Estradiol on Behavior in Old Menopausal Macaques on Obesogenic Diet

Table 3

Ethogram of behaviors coded in the home cage assessments.

Behavioral ClassBehaviorDefinition

Social behaviors (measured in percent of time)GroomFocal individual is picking at hair and/or skin of another individual (focal can initiate or receive behavior)
ProximityFocal individual is within arms length of another individual without touching
TouchFocal is in physical contact with another individual
Ventral contactSpecial case of touch, in which ventral surface of both animals are in contact
Positive social behaviorCombined behavior which includes groom, touch, or ventral contact
AloneFocal individual is not in any social contact with other monkeys
Nonsocial behaviors (measured in percent of time)Stereotypical behaviorRepetitive behavior with no apparent purpose, such as pacing, circling, or poking eye
ConsumeHandling and ingesting food and/or water
LocomoteMovement (e.g., walk, run)
Object playFocal individual manipulates object (e.g., toys or structures in the corral) other than food
Self-groomFocal individual grooms self
SleepFocal individual is sitting with eyes closed, usually huddled with other individuals
StationaryFocal individual sitting quietly, not engaged in other behavior
Events (measured as frequency)AggressionBite, hit, slap
Fear grimaceFocal individual bars teeth
LipsmackRapid movement of lips
ScratchCommon usage
ThreatOpen mouth threat gesture (focal can initiate or receive behavior)
YawnCommon usage
Dominance-related behaviorCombined behavior which includes aggression, chase, displace, and threat