Journal of Obesity

Research Article

The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism PPARG2 Pro12Ala Affects Body Mass Index, Fat Mass, and Blood Pressure in Severely Obese Patients

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of studied participants according to the PPARG2 Pro12Ala (rs1801282) polymorphism.


Variables	Total	Pro12Ala polymorphism		value	Adjusted value
Variables		ProPro ()	Ala carriers ()	value	Adjusted value

Clinical, anthropometrical, and body composition variables
Age (years)	39.82 ± 8.70	40.00 ± 8.64	38.63 ± 2.12	0.524
Female/male, (%)	125 (85.6)/21 (14.4)	108 (86.4)/19 (90.5)	17 (13.6)/2 (9.5)	1.000^†	0.427^a
BMI (kg/m²)	46.09 ± 6.42	45.62 ± 6.12	49.26 ± 1.75	0.020	0.026^b
Fat mass (kg)¹	61.43 ± 13.02	60.52 ± 12.73	67.67 ± 13.67	0.029	0.046^b
Fat-free mass (kg)¹	57.22 ± 8.86	57.00 ± 9.06	58.77 ± 7.43	0.431	0.227^b
SBP (mmHg)	128.66 ± 17.89	124.35 ± 13.82	133.92 ± 22.51	0.011	0.022^c
DBP (mmHg)	85.92 ± 13.68	81.63 ± 9.65	87.60 ± 16.04	0.024	0.050^c
Diabetes, (%)	40 (27.4)	36 (28.4)	4 (21.0)	0.593^‡	0.400^d
Hypertension, (%)	96 (65.8)	83 (65.4)	13 (68.4)	0.793^†	0.760^c
Dyslipidemia, (%)	114 (78.1)	102 (80.3)	12 (63.2)	0.099^‡	0.122^c
Log MVPA (min/week)²	44.54 ± 61.42	46.67 ± 63.73^§	31.17 ± 43.27^§	0.260	0.204^e
Sedentary time (min/day)²	1175.25 ± 83.06	1174.10 ± 83.45	1182.44 ± 80.56	0.685	0.817^e

Biochemical parameters
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	110.73 ± 45.38	112.12 ± 47.92	101.47 ± 20.15	0.342	0.350^d
Fasting glucose range, (%)				0.596^†	0.441^d
<100 mg/dL, (%)	85 (58.2)	75 (88.2)	10 (11.8)
≥100 mg/dL, (%)	29 (19.9)	52 (85.2)	9 (14.8)
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	23.43 ± 14.88	23.04 ± 14.51	26.03 ± 17.34	0.415	0.413^d
HOMA-IR	6.44 ± 4.91	6.42 ± 4.86	6.56 ± 4.72	0.915	0.829^d
GHb (%)	6.29 ± 1.45	6.30 ± 1.47	6.23 ± 1.32	0.843	0.875^d
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	188.68 ± 36.57	190.42 ± 36.86	177.05 ± 33.12	0.138	0.232^c
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	47.47 ± 11.11	47.69 ± 11.49	45.95 ± 8.20	0.525	0.501^c
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	119.20 ± 34.01	110.08 ± 34.68	103.42 ± 29.42	0.429	0.497^c
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	160.16 ± 78.60	163.42 ± 80.67	138.37 ± 60.34	0.196	0.331^c

Dietary intake
Energy (kcal)	1709.50 ± 704.50	1682.55 ± 695.05	1889.62 ± 759.68	0.233	0.139^e
Proteins (%)	17.42 ± 4.60	17.58 ± 4.61	16.34 ± 4.54	0.274	0.239^e
Carbohydrates (%)	51.64 ± 8.56	51.79 ± 8.72	50.64 ± 7.49	0.589	0.593^e
Lipids (%)	27.97 ± 6.59	27.74 ± 6.70	29.51 ± 5.70	0.278	0.245^e
Saturated (%)	8.38 ± 2.65	8.30 ± 2.70	8.98 ± 2.26	0.294	0.372^e
Polyunsaturated (%)	4.29 ± 1.66	4.25 ± 1.57	4.52 ± 2.24	0.515	0.452^e
Monounsaturated (%)	7.62 ± 2.60	7.54 ± 2.63	8.16 ±2.40	0.363	0.509^e
P : S ratio	0.56 ± 0.28	0.56 ± 0.27	0.55 ± 0.36	0.438	0.475^e
Cholesterol (g)	222.50 ± 120.74	217.38 ± 114.16	256.66 ± 157.45	0.187	0.206^e
Fiber (g)	15.28 ± 8.04	15.03 ± 8.21	16.52 ± 9.72	0.472	0.452^e

Data are presented as mean ± SD or (%). BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; GHb: glycated hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; P : S ratio: polyunsaturated : saturated fatty acids ratio. Student’s t-test; ^†chi-squared test; ^‡Fisher’s exact test. ¹; ². ^aAdjusted for age, BMI, sedentary time, and diabetes; ^badjusted for age, gender, sedentary time, and diabetes; ^cadjusted for age, gender, sedentary time, BMI, and diabetes; ^dadjusted for age, gender, sedentary time, and BMI; ^eadjusted for age, gender, BMI, and diabetes; ^§values were presented backtransformed.