Journal of Obesity

Research Article

The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism PPARG2 Pro12Ala Affects Body Mass Index, Fat Mass, and Blood Pressure in Severely Obese Patients

Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants according to the IL6 -174G >C (rs1800795) polymorphism.


Variables	Total	-174G >C polymorphism		value	Adjusted value
Variables		GG ()	C carriers ()	value	Adjusted value

Clinical, anthropometrical, and body composition variables
Age (years)	39.61 ± 8.62	39.54 ± 7.96	39.75 ± 9.81	0.889	–
Female/male, (%)	126 (85.1)/22 (14.9)	87 (69.0)/9 (40.9)	39 (31.0)/13 (59.1)	0.011^†	0.022^a
BMI (kg/m²)	45.97 ± 6.38	45.50 ± 6.28	46.84 ± 6.49	0.221	0.386^b
Fat mass (kg)¹	61.24 ± 12.93	60.02 ± 11.92	63.44 ± 14.45	0.130	0.219^b
Fat-free mass (kg)¹	57.32 ± 9.00	56.41 ± 8.03	58.95 ± 10.41	0.107	0.983^b
SBP (mmHg)	128.32 ± 17.92	125.52 ± 16.08	125.44 ± 14.46	0.975	0.198^c
DBP (mmHg)	85.72 ± 13.69	83.13 ± 11.28	81.00 ± 9.72	0.252	0.059^c
Diabetes, (%)	41 (27.7)	27 (28.1)	14 (26.9)	0.876^†	0.331^d
Hypertension, (%)	96 (4.8)	62 (64.6)	34 (65.4)	0.922^†	0.549^c
Dyslipidemia, (%)	117 (79.0)	75 (71.1)	42 (80.8)	0.706^†	0.319^c
Log MVPA (min/week)²	44.52 ± 61.04	50.77 ± 63.42^§	32.92 ± 55.11^§	0.115	0.024^e
Sedentary time (min/day)²	1176.82 ± 83.26	1170.42 ± 84.64	1188.71 ± 80.14	0.216	0.230^e

Biochemical parameters
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	110.14 ± 45.34	109.48 ± 42.48	111.35 ± 50.61	0.812	0.609^d
Fasting glucose range, (%)				0.230	0.174^d
<100 mg/dL	87 (58.8)	53 (60,9)	34 (39.1)
≥100 mg/dL	61 (41.2)	43 (70.5)	18 (29.5)
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	23.38 ± 14.79	23.49 ± 15.64	23.17 ± 13.22	0.901	0.589^d
HOMA-IR	6.40 ± 4.90	6.45 ± 5.20	6.32 ± 4.33	0.887	0.464^d
GHb (%)	6.29 ± 1.44	6.26 ± 1.39	6.34 ± 1.54	0.755	0.792^d
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	189.86 ± 37.98	188.82 ± 41.36	191.79 ± 31.06	0.652	0.966^c
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	47.57 ± 11.33	47.83 ± 11.65	47.08 ± 10.81	0.700	0.816^c
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	110.03 ± 35.40	109.57 ± 38.68	110.90 ± 28.50	0.830	0.943^c
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	161.46 ± 78.11	156.56 ± 73.11	170.50 ± 12.01	0.302	0.629^c

Dietary intake
Energy (kcal)	1699.44 ± 708.99	1652.17 ± 683.44	1786.71 ± 752.88	0.272	0.906^e
Proteins (%)	17.36 ± 4.59	16.97 ± 4.32	18.08 ± 5.00	0.163	0.177^e
Carbohydrates (%)	51.57 ± 8.71	52.23 ± 8.65	50.36 ± 8.78	0.216	0.186^e
Lipids (%)	27.91 ± 6.52	28.02 ± 6.20	27.71 ± 7.13	0.784	0.557^e
Saturated (%)	8.43 ± 2.71	8.51 ± 2.69	8.29 ± 2.77	0.630	0.459^e
Polyunsaturated (%)	4.27 ± 1.66	4.13 ± 1.65	4.53 ± 1.66	0.166	0.156^e
Monounsaturated (%)	7.61 ± 2.61	7.35 ± 2.54	8.12 ± 2.70	0.107	0.216^e
P : S ratio	0.56 ± 0.29	0.53 ± 0.30	0.59 ± 0.24	0.272	0.056^e
Cholesterol (g)	219.39 ± 120.29	208.14 ± 114.74	240.16 ± 128.48	0.122	0.434^e
Fiber (g)	15.17 ± 8.43	15.14 ± 7.72	15.22 ± 9.67	0.952	0.424^e

Data are presented as mean ± SD or (%). BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; P : S ratio: polyunsaturated : saturated fatty acids ratio. Student’s t-test; ^†chi-squared test. ¹; ². ^aAdjusted for age, BMI, sedentary time, and diabetes; ^badjusted for age, gender, sedentary time, and diabetes; ^cadjusted for age, gender, sedentary time, BMI, and diabetes; ^dadjusted for age, gender, sedentary time, and BMI; ^eadjusted for age, gender, BMI, and diabetes; ^§values were presented backtransformed.