Effects of a Meal Replacement on Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters among Subjects with Overweight or Obesity
Table 1
Characteristics of participants at baseline.
Male
Female
Intervention group
Control group
Intervention group
Control group
No. of subjects
42
38
44
50
0.454
Age (y), mean (SD)
38.9 ± 6.5
38.0 ± 6.6
0.539
39.4 ± 7.9
37.0 ± 7.8
0.134
Body weight (kg), mean (SD)
89.9 ± 12.5
89.2 ± 10.2
0.916
73.3 ± 7.9
73.4 ± 8.5
0.852
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)
29.8 ± 3.1
28.7 ± 3.0
0.474
28.9 ± 3.2
28.7 ± 3.0
0.909
Systolic BP (mmHg), mean (SD)
136.6 ± 16.4
132.6 ± 12.3
0.104
121.7 ± 15.2
120.1 ± 17.1
0.914
Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean (SD)
89.6 ± 11.6
88.6 ± 11.9
0.445
79.5 ± 11.0
77.9 ± 12.9
0.717
Hypertension, (%)
26 (61.9)
16 (43.2)
0.097
10 (22.7)
9 (18.0)
0.463
Diabetes, (%)
4 (10)
1 (2.7)
0.204
1 (2.4)
2 (4.0)
0.651
Dyslipidemia, (%)
11 (26.2)
15 (39.5)
0.152
6 (13.6)
12 (24)
0.221
Smoking status, (%)
0.629
0.280
Current
5 (11.9)
4 (10.5)
4 (9.1)
2 (4.0)
Former
3 (7.1)
1 (2.6)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Never
34 (81)
33 (86.8)
40 (90.9)
48 (96.0)
Medication, (%)
Aspirin
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Antihypertension
7 (16.7)
3 (7.9)
0.200
1 (2.3)
2 (4.0)
0.548
Hypolipidemic drugs (%)
3 (7.1)
2 (5.3)
0.548
0 (0)
2 (4.0)
0.280
Insulin
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Oral hypoglycemic drugs
1 (2.4)
1 (2.6)
0.728
1 (2.3)
1 (2.3)
0.720
Vitamins
4 (9.5)
4 (10.5)
0.586
5 (11.4)
4 (8.0)
0.418
Minerals
3 (7.1)
3 (7.9)
0.613
3 (6.8)
4 (8.0)
0.572
Education level (%)
0.593
0.496
University
33 (78.6)
30 (78.9)
36 (81.8)
42 (84)
High school
9 (21.4)
8 (21.1)
8 (18.2)
8 (16.0)
Primary school
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Marital status (%)
0.613
0.144
Single
3 (7.1)
3 (7.9)
3 (6.8)
8 (16.0)
Married
39 (92.9)
35 (92.1)
41 (93.2)
42 (84)
Widowed
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure. Data are given as mean (SD) for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables; indicates statistical significance. values calculated by analysis of variance or χ2 tests.
