Obesity Is Associated with Early Onset of Gastrointestinal Cancers in California

Table 3

Reduction in cancer diagnosis age associated with risk factors (covariates from multivariate linear regression, expressed in covariate ± standard error).

	Esophageal cancer	Pancreatic cancer	Colorectal cancer	Gastric cancer
Morbid obesity^b	−7.67 ± 1.26^a	−8.19 ± 1.25^a	−7.75 ± 0.30^a	−5.48 ± 0.96^a
Obesity^b	−4.73 ± 0.73^a	−5.35 ± 0.72^a	−4.56 ± 0.18^a	−3.25 ± 0.53^a
Smoking	−1.66 ± 0.26^a	−1.68 ± 0.26^a	−0.33 ± 0.11^a	−0.71 ± 0.25^a
Alcoholism	−4.34 ± 0.45^a	−3.70 ± 0.47^a	−2.90 ± 0.26^a	−5.29 ± 0.54^a
Male	−3.24 ± 0.29^a	−3.32 ± 0.29^a	−2.52 ± 0.08^a	−0.94 ± 0.21^a
Crohn’s	—	—	−7.45 ± 0.79^a	—
Ulcerative colitis	—	—	−8.45 ± 0.56^a	—
Residual	72.3 ± 0.26	72.1 ± 0.26	70.1 ± 0.06	69.4 ± 0.16

^aDenotes statistical significance with value < 0.05. ^bReduction in cancer onset age represents estimates using nonobese population as reference group.