Marked Disparities in Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Overweight Prevalence among US Women by Race/Ethnicity, Nativity/Immigrant Status, and Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2012–2014
Table 2
Observed prevalence and logistic regressions showing unadjusted and covariate-adjusted differentials in pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25) among reproductive-age women in major racial/ethnic groups and by selected sociodemographic characteristics, United States, 2012–2014 ().
Covariate
Prevalence percent
Prevalence ratio
Model 11
Model 22
Covariate-adjusted
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
Prevalence
SE
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white
46.37
1.00
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
45.15
0.02
Non-Hispanic black
60.88
1.31
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.86
1.86
1.86
59.92
0.04
American Indian/Alaska Native
61.69
1.33
1.86
1.85
1.87
1.73
1.72
1.73
58.22
0.16
Chinese
13.63
0.29
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.27
0.26
0.27
18.57
0.12
Japanese
15.20
0.33
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.27
0.27
0.28
18.91
0.31
Filipino
34.27
0.74
0.60
0.60
0.61
0.79
0.79
0.80
39.66
0.17
Hawaiian
61.29
1.32
1.83
1.70
1.97
1.76
1.63
1.90
58.72
1.08
Asian Indian
35.94
0.78
0.65
0.65
0.65
1.07
1.07
1.08
46.82
0.13
Korean
19.26
0.42
0.28
0.27
0.28
0.40
0.40
0.41
25.40
0.23
Vietnamese
14.84
0.32
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.25
0.25
17.57
0.17
Samoan
86.28
1.86
7.27
6.82
7.75
7.95
7.45
8.48
86.02
0.48
Other Asian/Pacific Islander
40.38
0.87
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.95
0.95
0.96
43.97
0.13
Mexican
57.95
1.25
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.81
1.81
1.81
59.36
0.05
Puerto Rican
55.41
1.19
1.44
1.43
1.44
1.56
1.56
1.56
55.82
0.12
Cuban
46.44
1.00
1.00
0.99
1.01
1.19
1.18
1.20
49.37
0.22
Central and South American
50.93
1.10
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.48
1.48
1.48
54.53
0.09
Other Hispanic
55.18
1.19
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.61
1.61
1.61
56.55
0.08
Maternal age (years)
<20
38.47
1.00
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
32.78
0.06
20–24
49.54
1.29
1.57
1.56
1.58
1.67
1.66
1.67
44.11
0.03
25–29
51.26
1.33
1.68
1.67
1.69
2.26
2.25
2.27
51.23
0.03
30–34
49.74
1.29
1.58
1.57
1.59
2.52
2.50
2.54
53.79
0.03
35–39
52.09
1.35
1.74
1.73
1.75
2.88
2.86
2.90
56.86
0.05
40–44
54.78
1.42
1.94
1.92
1.96
3.20
3.17
3.23
59.28
0.09
≥45
52.05
1.35
1.74
1.69
1.78
3.07
2.98
3.16
58.32
0.33
Parity
0
43.75
1.00
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
47.33
0.03
1
50.10
1.15
1.29
1.29
1.29
1.14
1.14
1.15
50.46
0.03
2
55.18
1.26
1.58
1.58
1.59
1.19
1.19
1.20
51.53
0.04
3
59.63
1.36
1.90
1.89
1.91
1.28
1.27
1.28
53.12
0.06
≥4
63.14
1.44
2.20
2.19
2.22
1.33
1.32
1.34
54.06
0.07
Marital status
Married
47.63
1.00
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
49.61
0.02
Unmarried
52.92
1.11
1.24
1.23
1.24
1.02
1.01
1.02
50.00
0.03
Nativity/immigrant status
US-born
51.00
1.12
1.25
1.25
1.26
1.44
1.43
1.45
51.57
0.02
Foreign-born
45.39
1.00
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
43.06
0.04
Maternal education (years)
<12
52.95
1.33
1.71
1.70
1.72
1.75
1.74
1.76
53.58
0.04
12
53.83
1.36
1.77
1.76
1.78
1.78
1.77
1.79
53.98
0.03
13–15
54.88
1.38
1.85
1.84
1.85
1.76
1.75
1.76
53.69
0.03
≥16
39.70
1.00
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
40.37
0.03
Place of residence
Metropolitan county
48.72
1.00
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
48.69
0.02
Nonmetropolitan county
53.54
1.10
1.21
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.23
1.23
53.56
0.03
Region of residence
New England
45.21
0.97
0.94
0.93
0.95
1.16
1.15
1.17
49.54
0.09
Mid-Atlantic
46.65
1.00
1.00
0.99
1.00
1.13
1.13
1.14
49.01
0.05
East Northcentral
52.05
1.11
1.24
1.23
1.24
1.31
1.31
1.32
52.50
0.04
West Northcentral
50.96
1.09
1.18
1.18
1.19
1.26
1.25
1.26
51.43
0.06
South Atlantic
50.34
1.08
1.16
1.15
1.16
1.16
1.15
1.17
49.57
0.04
East Southcentral
51.99
1.11
1.23
1.23
1.24
1.22
1.21
1.23
50.70
0.07
West Southcentral
50.78
1.09
1.18
1.17
1.18
1.11
1.10
1.11
48.44
0.04
Mountain
46.74
1.00
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
46.09
0.06
Pacific
48.86
1.05
1.09
1.08
1.09
1.16
1.16
1.17
49.60
0.04
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. Statistically significant at .1Unadjusted for the effects of other covariates. 2Adjusted for race/ethnicity, maternal age, parity, marital status, nativity, maternal education, and place and region of residence. Source: data derived from the 2012–2014 US National Natality data files.
