Research Article

Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Serve as Predictors of Successful Weight Loss Maintenance Postbariatric Surgery

Table 2

A detailed analysis of the differences in the dietary and lifestyle behaviors practiced between the weight maintainers and regainers.

Weight maintainers ()Weight regainers ()

Healthy dietary habits44%10%<0.001

Meal pattern behaviors
Breakfast consumption23 (80%)4 (19%)0.001
Having three structured meals daily (breakfast, lunch, and dinner)23 (80%)5 (24%)<0.001
Consuming more than five meals daily, including snacks14 (48%)0<0.001

Daily consumption of foods and food groups
Carbohydrates (1–5 Ex.)18 (62%)8 (38%)0.094
Fat (3–5 Ex.)17 (59%)4 (19%)0.005
Vegetables (3–5 Ex.)18 (62%)3 (14%)0.001
Fruits (3–5 Ex.)17 (59%)1 (0.5%)<0.001
Water (6–11 Cups)23 (79%)8 (38%)<0.001

Weekly consumption of foods and food groups
Ready-to-eat foods (0-1 time)23 (79%)13 (62%)0.304
Fast foods (0-1 time)24 (83%)14 (67%)0.189

Healthy lifestyle practices30%4%0.002

Grocery shopping behaviors
Consideration of healthy foods while shopping27 (93%)3 (14%)<0.001
Selection of whole-grain over refined-grain products17 (59%)6 (29%)0.035
Selection of low-fat products over full-fat products20 (69%)7 (33%)0.013
Selection of foods based on nutritional facts17 (59%)2 (10%)0.002
Reading the nutritional label of food products22 (76%)3 (14%)<0.001

Pace of eating
Stoppage of eating when feeling full25 (86%)12 (57%)0.021
Taking pauses between bites21 (72%)5 (24%)0.001
Taking >20–30 minutes for a meal21 (72%)4 (19%)<0.001
Practicing sufficient chewing while eating26 (90%)10 (48%)0.001

Self-assessment behaviors
Regular body weight measuring25 (86%)6 (29%)<0.001
Monitoring the daily consumed and burned calories25 (86%)4 (19%)<0.001
Regular nutritional follow-up visits15 (52%)0<0.001

Negative eating behaviors
Emotional binge eating7 (24%)7 (33%)0.475
Distracted eating6 (21%)11 (52%)0.020
Late-night snacking5 (17%)12 (57%)0.003

Physical activity
Physically active17 (59%)4 (19%)0.005
Daily exercise for ≥30 minutes9 (31%)1 (5%)0.022