Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in relation to Overweight Defined by BMI and “Normal-Weight Obesity”
Table 2
Frequency of sociodemographic factors and smoking and alcohol habits in the EpiHealth cohort in relation to lean, normal-weight obesity, and overweight.
Lean N = 2,995 (16.9)
Normal-weight obesity N = 3,941 (22.2)
Overweight N = 10,537 (59.4)
Sex
Women
1921 (64.1)
2735 (69.4)
5163 (49.0)
Men
1074 (35.9)
1206 (30.6)
5374 (51.0)
Age group (year)
45–49
726 (24.2)
471 (12.0)
1321 (12.5)
50–59
1072 (35.8)
1197 (30.4)
3121 (29.6)
60–69
913 (30.5)
1626 (41.3)
4285 (40.7)
70–75
284 (9.5)
647 (16.4)
1810 (17.2)
Education
Primary school
241 (8.0)
494 (12.5)
1535 (14.6)
Secondary school
687 (22.9)
851 (21.6)
2818 (26.7)
Higher education
1693 (56.5)
1992 (50.5)
4270 (40.5)
Other
335 (11.2)
546 (13.9)
1704 (16.2)
Missing data
39 (1.3)
58 (1.5)
210 (2.0)
Occupation
Working
2071 (69.1)
2103 (53.4)
5607 (53.9)
Sick leave/disability
58 (1.9)
89 (2.3)
353 (3.4)
Retirement
680 (22.7)
1502 (38.1)
3899 (37.0)
Other
150 (5.0)
192 (4.9)
465 (4.4)
Missing
36 (1.2)
55 (1.4)
213 (2.0)
Marital status
Single/living alone
395 (13.2)
521 (13.2)
1174 (11.1)
Married/cohabitating
2154 (71.9)
2832 (71.9)
7829 (74.3)
Divorced/widowed
405 (13.5)
531 (13.5)
1239 (12.6)
Missing data
41 (1.4)
57 (1.4)
205 (1.9)
Smoking habits
Never smoked
1694 (56.6)
2004 (50.9)
4702 (44.6)
Former smokers
977 (32.6)
1525 (38.7)
4718 (44.8)
Current smokers
250 (8.3)
313 (7.9)
800 (7.6)
Missing data
74 (2.5)
99 (2.5)
317 (3.0)
Drinking frequency
Never
98 (3.3)
130 (3.3)
463 (4.4)
Once monthly or less
430 (14.4)
509 (12.9)
1774 (16.8)
2-3 times a month
554 (18.5)
681 (17.3)
2008 (19.1)
Once weekly
576 (19.2)
764 (19.4)
1984 (18.8)
2-3 times a week
1006 (33.6)
1309 (33.2)
3070 (29.1)
≥4 times a week
244 (8.1)
417 (10.6)
823 (7.8)
Missing data
74 (2.9)
99 (83.3)
317 (3.9)
Amount drinking/occasion
1-2 glasses
2124 (70.9)
2764 (70.1)
6371 (60.5)
3-4 glasses
590 (19.7)
818 (20.8)
2691 (25.5)
≥5 glasses
86 (2.9)
100 (2.5)
652 (6.2)
Missing data
195 (6.5)
259 (6.6)
823 (7.8)
N = number. Values are presented as number and percentages by category. Lean is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of <25 kg/m2, and a fat percentage in men of <20% and in women of <30%; normal-weight obesity (NWO) is defined as a BMI of <25 kg/m2 and a fat percentage in men of ≥20% and in women of ≥30%; and overweight is deined as a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 [5, 6].
