Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy and Anthropometric Parameters in the Offspring at 10 Years: A Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Sri Lanka

Table 1

Characteristics of the exposed (OHIP) and nonexposed (ONHIP) groups.

Characteristic	OHIP group (N = 159)	ONHIP group (N = 253)	value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age years, mean (SD)	10.89 (0.32)	10.82 (0.31)	0.009^a
Sex, male	N = 67 (42.1%)	N = 118 (46.6%)	0.37^b
Ethnicity, Sinhala	N = 153 (96.2%)	N = 231 (91.3%)	0.24^b
Education level of mother
Primary education	N = 5 (3.1%)	N = 2 (0.8%)	0.10^b
Secondary education	N = 144 (90.6%)	N = 241 (95.2%)
Tertiary education and higher	N = 10 (6.3%)	N = 10 (4.0%)
Family income per month
<LKR 50000 (<USD 265)	N = 113 (71.1%)	N = 190 (75.1%)	0.37^b
Index pregnancy-related characteristics
Mother’s age at delivery in years, mean (SD)	31.9 (5.3)	27.8 (5.3)	<0.001^a
Primi parity	N = 53 (33.3%)	N = 128 (50.6%)	0.002^b
Mother’s BMI at first trimester of index pregnancy^1
<18.5	N = 5 (5%)	N = 43 (22.6%)	<0.001^b
18.5–24.9	N = 56 (55.4%)	N = 131 (69.0%)
≥25	N = 40 (39.6%)	N = 16 (8.4%)
Gestational age in weeks, median (IQR)	38 [38–40]	40 [37–39]	<0.001^c
Gestational age at delivery ≥37 weeks	N = 145 (91.2%)	N = 246 (97.2%)	0.007^b
Birth weight of index child in kg, mean (SD)	3.1 (0.5)	2.9 (0.4)	<0.001^a
Birth weight of index child ≥3.5 kg	N = 39 (24.5%)	N = 20 (7.9%)	<0.001^b
Exclusive breast-feeding duration ≥4 months	N = 141 (88.7%)	N = 236 (93.2%)	0.10^b
Lifestyle-related characteristics
Physical activity (>1 hour/d for ≥5 days/week)^2	N = 71 (44.7%)	N = 130 (51.6%)	0.17^b
Dietary energy intake in kCal, median (IQR)^3	1449 (1238–1864)	1514 (1257–1850)	0.78^c

¹Data were available in 63.5% (N = 101) of OHIP and 75.1% (N = 190) of ONHIP. ²Data available for 159 OHIP and 252 ONHIP. ³Data available for 70.4% (N = 112) OHIP and 74.3% (N = 188) ONHIP. ^aIndependent sample T test. ^bChi-squared test. ^cMann–Whitney U test.