Reproducibility of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Pregnancy and the Association of Body Composition with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Substudy of MUMS Cohort

Table 5

Changes in anthropometry and BIA body composition throughout pregnancy (n = 98).

	Pregnancy trimesters
	T1	T2	T3
Weight (kg)	67.6 ± 15.1	71.8 ± 15.1^a	77.6 ± 15.5^a,b
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.6 ± 5.2	27.1 ± 5.2^a	29.3 ± 5.3^a,b
Waist circumference (cm)	86.6 ± 10.4	96.0 ± 9.6^a	105.9 ± 9.2^a,b
Hip circumference (cm)	102.8 ± 11.3	105.1 ± 10.7^a	107.5 ± 10.7^a,b
BFP (%)	32.2 ± 6.9	34.0 ± 6.8^a	35.6 ± 6.7^a,b
FM (kg)	22.6 ± 10.1	25.2 ± 10.2^a	28.5 ± 10.7^a,b
TBW (%)	49.2 ± 5.6	47.7 ± 5.2^a	46.5 ± 5.2^a,c
TBW (L)	32.6 ± 4.0	33.7 ± 4.2^a	35.6 ± 4.5^a,b

Values are reported as mean ± SD. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA is used to assess time effect, with post hoc pairwise analysis with Bonferroni corrections. ^aSignificantly different from the T1 value (). ^bSignificantly different from the T2 value (). ^cSignificantly different from the T1 value (). BFP: body fat percentage; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; BMI: body mass index; FM: fat mass; T1/2/3: trimester 1/2/3; and TBW: total body water.