Weight Change and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Women

Table 3

Mean changes in cardiometabolic risk factors by weight change category in the weight loss intervention phase.

Cardiometabolic risk markers	Weight loss intervention phase (baseline to 6 months)
	Control					Intervention
	>2% gain	±2% maintain	>2–<5% loss	5–20% loss	value	>2% gain	±2% maintain	>2–<5% loss	5–20% loss	-value
	n = 18	n = 48	n = 29	n = 19		n = 15	n = 57	n = 45	n = 12
WC, cm	−1.27	−1.88	−3.51	−7.63^abc	<0.001	−0.77	−2.14	−4.24	−5.67^a	0.002
	(−3.70, 1.16)	(−3.35, −0.41)	(−5.39, −1.62)	(−9.96, −5.29)		(−2.86, 1.31)	(−3.20, −1.08)	(−5.44, −3.04)	(−7.98, −3.36)
FPG, mmol/L	−0.37	0.09	−0.05	−0.12	0.434	−0.03	0.07	−0.35	−0.19	0.065
	(−0.85, 0.10)	(−0.20, 0.38)	(−0.42, 0.33)	(−0.59, 0.34)		(−0.08, 0.38)	(−0.48, 0.27)	(−0.33, 0.16)	(−0.67, 0.03)
Fasting insulin, μU/mL	0.79	0.37	−0.38	−1.32	0.346	−1.08	0.99	−0.36	−4.27^a	0.022
	(−0.34, 0.77)	(−0.79, 1.52)	(−1.86, 1.10)	(−3.19, 0.54)		(−3.91, 1.74)	(−0.43, 2.41)	(−1.95, 1.24)	(−7.35, −1.19)
HOMA-IR	0.22	0.17	−0.17	−0.45	0.218	−0.55	0.07	−0.48	−0.63	0.190
	(−0.66, 1.84)	(−0.19, 0.53)	(−0.63, 0.29)	(−1.02, 0.12)		(−1.34, 0.24)	(−0.33, 0.46)	(−0.92, −0.03)	(−1.48, 0.23)
Triglycerides^, mmol/L	0.02	−0.01	0.28	0.11	0.253	0.14	0.18	0.07	−0.25	0.166
	(−0.28, 0.31)	(−0.19, 0.17)	(0.05, 0.51)	(−0.18, 0.40)		(−0.17, 0.45)	(0.02, 0.34)	(−0.11, 0.25)	(−0.60, 0.10)
TC, mmol/L	−0.10	−0.32	−0.26	−0.32	0.760	−0.31	−0.30	0.03	−0.59	0.022
	(−0.45, 0.24)	(−0.53, −0.11)	(−0.53, 0.01)	(−0.65, 0.02)		(−0.67, 0.06)	(−0.48, −0.11)	(−0.18, 0.24)	(−0.99, −0.19)
HDL-C, mmol/L	−0.04	−0.04	−0.09	−0.05	0.674	−0.04	0.01	−0.01	−0.01	0.880
	(−0.13, 0.06)	−0.10, 0.02)	(−0.17, −0.02)	(−0.14, 0.04)		(−0.15, 0.07)	(−0.05, 0.07)	(−0.08, 0.05)	(−0.13, 0.12)
LDL-C, mmol/L	−0.35	−0.02	−0.07	−0.37	0.412	−0.23	−0.11	0.06	0.08	0.563
	(−0.79, 0.10)	(−0.29, 0.26)	(−0.42, 0.28)	(−0.81, 0.06)		(−0.65, 0.20)	(−0.33, 0.10)	(−0.19, 0.30)	(−0.39, 0.55)
TNF-α, pg/mL	2.76	4.52	4.50	3.66	0.613	0.23	2.43	4.15	5.65	0.182
	(0.44, 5.09)	(3.04, 6.00)	(2.62, 6.37)	(1.35, 5.98)		(−3.78, 4.25)	(0.45, 4.42)	(2.04, 6.26)	(1.80, 9.49)
Adiponectin, μg/mL	0.89	−2.11	−1.81	5.46^ab	<0.001	1.94	1.86	−0.30	−1.75	0.403
	(−1.87, 3.64)	(−3.93, −0.28)	(−3.91, 0.28)	(2.48, 8.43)		(−2.58, 6.47)	(−0.22, 3.94)	(−2.61, 2.01)	(−5.81, 2.32)
Hs-CRP, mg/L	1.92	0.62	0.74	0.58	0.779	0.83	−1.15	−1.57	0.60	0.110
	(−0.33, 4.16)	(−0.79, 2.03)	(−0.99, 2.47)	(−1.49, 2.65)		(−1.37, 3.03)	(−2.21, −0.09)	(−2.72, −0.43)	(−1.48, 2.68)

Note. Data were presented as estimated marginal mean (95% CI). ^aSignificant difference as relative to >2% weight gain. ^bsignificant difference as relative to ±2% weight maintain. ^csignificant difference as relative to >2–<5% weight loss. the number of participants for Insulin, HOMA-IR, and inflammatory markers is as follows: Insulin. CON: >2% gain: 18, ±2% maintain: 44, >2–<5% loss: 27 and 5–20% loss: 17. INT: >2% gain: 14, ±2% maintain: 54, >2–< 5% loss: 43 and 5–20% loss:12. HOMA-IR. CON: >2% gain: 18, ±2% maintain: 42, >2–<5% loss: 26 and 5–20% loss: 17. INT: >2% gain: 14, ±2% maintain: 54, >2–<5% loss: 43 and 5–20% loss: 12. Inflammatory markers. CON: >2% gain: 11, ±2% maintain: 27, >2–<5% loss: 18 and 5–20% loss: 13. INT: >2% gain: 10, ±2% maintain: 34, >2–<5% loss: 29 and 5–20% loss: 9.