Predictors of One-Year Change in How Youth Perceive Their Weight

Table 4

GEE model results for predictors of youth perceiving their weight as “overweight” in Year 4 (2015/2016) of the COMPASS study among grade 9–12 students with Year 3 (2014/2015) WPs of “about the right weight.”

	Females (N = 5062)			Males (N = 4557)
	OR	95% CI	value	OR	95% CI	value
WP: overweight (ref.: about the right weight)
Covariates
Grade (9–12 continuous)	0.88	0.76, 1.01	0.0696	1.15	0.94, 1.42	0.1828
Ethnicity (white vs. nonwhite minority)	0.98	0.75, 1.29	0.9027	0.88	0.65, 1.18	0.3919
BMI category (ref.: “normal weight” BMI)^a
Underweight BMI^b
Overweight/obesity BMI	3.49	2.41, 5.05	<0.0001	6.07	4.42, 8.34	<0.0001
Missing BMI	1.48	1.11, 1.98	0.0083	2.17	1.51, 3.12	<0.0001
Physical activity (yes vs. no)
Met MVPA guidelines^c	0.89	0.74, 1.06	0.1791	0.74	0.59, 0.91	0.0057
Met resistance exercise guidelines^c	0.85	0.70, 1.03	0.1050	0.62	0.50, 0.78	<0.0001
Varsity sports	0.81	0.66, 0.99	0.0397	0.89	0.70, 1.15	0.3785
School-organized PA/intramurals	0.96	0.78, 1.17	0.6817	1.18	0.90, 1.55	0.2199
League/team sports outside of school	0.91	0.74, 1.12	0.3783	0.70	0.58, 0.85	0.0003
Bullying victimization (yes, in the last 30 days vs. no)
Physical attacks	1.80	0.87, 3.75	0.1157	3.11	1.75, 5.55	0.0001
Verbal attacks	1.38	1.08, 1.76	.0089	1.74	1.30, 2.31	0.0002
Cyber-attacks	1.37	1.02, 1.84	.0351	0.29	0.11, 0.76	0.0117
Stolen/damaged belongings	1.85	1.00, 3.42	.0482	1.01	0.50, 2.06	0.9675
Screen time (≤2 hours/day vs. >2 hours/day)
Watching TV/movies	0.85	0.73, 1.00	0.0443	0.88	0.70, 1.10	0.2520
Playing video/computer games	0.87	0.68, 1.12	0.2796	0.72	0.59, 0.89	0.0024
Talking on the phone	0.97	0.77, 1.23	0.8163	1.09	0.81, 1.48	0.5657
Surfing the internet	0.89	0.75, 1.06	0.1911	0.86	0.69, 1.06	0.1496
Texting/messaging/emailing	0.95	0.80, 1.13	0.5640	1.03	0.86, 1.24	0.7150

The values in bold represent statistically significant results (p<0.05). All models adjusted for school clustering. WP = weight perception; GEE = General Estimating Equations; PA = physical activity; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; BMI = body mass index. ^aBMI classification based on self-reported height and weight and age- and sex-adjusted cutoffs. ^bNo students with underweight BMIs changed from ”about right“ to ”overweight“ WPs. ^cBased on PA guidelines for youth doing at least 60 minutes of MVPA per day on average and strengthening exercises at least 3 days a week.