| | Variable | Whole UKB population | Tested for SARS-CoV-2 | Standardized differences |
| | Total number tested for SARS-CoV-2 | 502,505 | 9,386 | — | | Demographics | | Age, median (IQR) | 69 (61 to 75) | 71 (62 to 77) | 17.7 | | Weight in kg (mean ± std) | 78.1 ± 15.9 | 80.6 ± 17.1 | 15.2 | | Male, n (%) | 229,122 (45.6) | 4,564 (48.6) | 6.1 |
| | Race, n (%) | | White | 473,594 (94.3) | 8,634 (92.0) | −8.6 | | Asiana | 11,456 (2.3) | 255 (2.7) | 2.8 | | Black | 8,061 (1.6) | 263 (2.8) | 8.2 | | Mixed | 2,958 (0.6) | 69 (0.7) | 1.7 | | Missing | 6,436 (1.3) | 165 (1.8) | 3.9 |
| | Education, n (%) | | Less than postsecondaryb | 108,937 (21.7) | 1,866 (19.9) | −3.3 | | Postsecondaryc (n (%)) | 300,005 (59.7) | 5,218 (55.6) | −8.3 | | Missingd (n (%)) | 93,563 (18.6) | 2,302 (24.5) | 14.4 |
| | Anthropometric measures | | Body mass index in kg/m2, mean ± std | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 28.3 ± 5.3 | 17.4 | | Body mass index category, n (%) | | Underweight/normal weight | 165,072 (33.1) | 2,590 (27.6) | −11.5 | | Overweight | 212,155 (42.5) | 3,888 (41.4) | −1.6 | | Obesity class I | 87,574 (17.5) | 1,930 (20.6) | 8.0 | | Obesity class II | 24,998 (5.0) | 659 (7.0) | 8.6 | | Obesity class III | 9,705 (1.9) | 319 (3.4) | 9.1 | | Waist circumference in cm, mean ± std | 90.3 ± 13.5 | 93.3 ± 14.3 | 21.2 | | HWC (yes) | 127,112 (25.4) | 2,868 (30.6) | 11.5 |
| | Lifestyle risk factors | | Smoke status, n (%) | | Never | 201,734 (40.2) | 3,404 (36.3) | 7.2 | | Current | 52,978 (10.5) | 1,207 (12.9) | 2.9 | | Previous | 245,688 (48.9) | 4,726 (50.4) | −8.0 | | Missing | 2,105 (0.4) | 49 (0.5) | 1.5 |
| | Alcohol use frequency, n (%) | | | | | Daily | 101,769 (20.3) | 1,848 (19.7) | −1.4 | | Three or four times a week | 115,438 (23.0) | 1,889 (20.1) | −6.9 | | Once or twice a week | 129,292 (25.7) | 2,276 (24.3) | −3.4 | | One to three times a month | 55,855 (11.1) | 1,065 (11.4) | 0.7 | | Special occasions only | 58,008 (11.5) | 1,268 (13.5) | 5.9 | | Never | 40,641 (8.1) | 1,006 (10.7) | 9.0 | | Missing | 1,502 (0.3) | 34 (0.4) | 1.1 |
| | Chronic conditions | | Immune system disorders, n (%) | | Whole organ transplante | 22,665 (4.5) | 567 (6.0) | 6.9 | | HIV/AIDS | 23,950 (4.8) | 813 (8.7) | 15.6 | | Inflammatory disease of the CNS | 3,232 (0.6) | 91 (1.0) | 3.6 | | Other immune system disordersf | 101,217 (20.1) | 2,556 (27.2) | 16.7 |
| | Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | | Hypertension | 177,751 (35.4) | 4,484 (47.8) | 25.4 | | Cholesterol disease | 145,800 (29.0) | 3,984 (42.5) | 28.3 | | Ischaemic heart disease | 137,546 (27.4) | 3,995 (42.6) | 32.3 | | Pulmonary heart disease | 173,408 (34.5) | 4,667 (49.7) | 31.2 | | Other forms of heart disease | 148,611 (29.6) | 4,321 (45.1) | 32.5 | | Cerebrovascular disease | 150,057 (29.9) | 4,278 (45.6) | 32.9 |
| | Respiratory disorders, n (%) | | Bronchitis/emphysema | 92,861 (18.5) | 2,682 (28.6) | 24.0 | | COPD | 87,445 (17.4) | 2,590 (27.6) | 24.6 | | Asthma | 114,266 (22.7) | 2,983 (31.8) | 20.4 | | Other respiratory disordersg | 99,710 (19.8) | 2,807 (29.9) | 23.5 | | Liver diseaseh, n(%) | 206,824 (41.2) | 5,022 (53.5) | 24.9 | | Kidney failure, n(%) | 82,388 (16.4) | 2,065 (22.0) | 14.3 | | Diabetes, n(%) | 60,106 (12.0) | 1,866 (19.9) | 21.8 | | Cancer, n(%) | 81,944 (16.3) | 1,857 (19.8) | 9.1 | | Has ≥ 1 chronic disease, n(%) | 397,705 (79.1) | 8,198 (87.3) | 22.1 | | Number of chronic diseases, median (IQR) | 2 (1 to 6) | 5 (1 to 9) | 41.1 |
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IQR: interquartile range; std: standard deviation; %, percent; HWC: high waist circumference; CNS: central nervous system; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Continuous variables are present as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), and categorical variables are present as frequency (prevalence). aIndian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, other Asians, mixed, others, and missing. bCSEs or equivalent, O levels/GCSEs or equivalent, and A levels/AS levels or equivalent. cVocational school, college or university degree, and other professional qualifications. dNone of the above and missing. eIncludes the lung, kidney, liver, and pancreas. fIncludes lupus and certain disorders involving immune mechanisms. gIncludes other diseases of the upper respiratory tract, lung disease due to external agents, other respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium, other diseases of the pleura, and other diseases of the respiratory system. hIncludes alcoholic liver disease, hepatic failure, chronic hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, other inflammatory liver diseases, and other diseases of the liver. Standardized differences in bold represent clinically meaningful differences between groups.
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