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| Author(s), year of publication, and location | Purpose of the study | Sample, sample size, and sampling method | Study design and data collection | Context | Data analysis | Quality scores (JBI 2020, critical appraisal tools) |
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| Fereidouni et al. 2019, ira [27] | “To document the perspectives and recommendations of nurses with regard to patient education” p.2 | Head nurses, n = 8, clinical nurses, n = 16, and purposive sampling | A qualitative exploratory design semistructured in-depth interviews focus group observation | Medical, surgical, emergency, and pediatric departments | Conventional content analysis (Graneheim and Lundman 2004) | 7/10 |
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| Ghorbani et al. 2019, Iran [22] | “To determine the mechanisms for attracting nurses” engagement in patient education from the viewpoint of nursing managers” p.164 | Nursing managers (ward head, supervisor), n = 91, convenience sampling | A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study
A two-part questionnaire (developed for this study) (40 questions) | Educational hospitals | Descriptive statistics methods | 7/8 |
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| Bergh et al. 2015, Sweden [28] | “To explore the conditions for nurses’ daily patient education work by focusing on managers’ way of speaking about the patient education provided by nurses in hospital care” p.192 | Managers, n = 10 | A qualitative exploratory design
(i) A social constructionist perspective 3 focus group interviews | Not specified, patient education in hospital care | Critical discourse analysis | 9/10 |
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| Seyedin et al. 2015, Iran [23] | “To investigate the dimensions of patient education process including need assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation” p.2 | Head nurses, n = 187, convenience sampling | A descriptive cross-sectional study
A questionnaire (developed for this study)
(i) 1 part: demographics,
(ii) 2 part (31 items) a five-point Likert scale (1 = never and 5 = always) | Teaching hospitals | Descriptive statistics methods | 4/8 |
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| Bergh et al. 2012, Sweden [24] | “To describe nurses’ perceptions of conditions for patient education, focusing on organizational, environmental and professional cooperation aspects” p.759 | Nurses, n = 701, stratified random sample | A cross-sectional survey
A questionnaire (developed for this study) (60 items) with fixed response categories (1–5) dichotomous response options (yes or no) open-ended answers | Primary care, municipal care, and hospital care | Quantitative data: statistics methods
Qualitative data: a content analysis | 8/8 |
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| Vafaee-Najar et al. 2012, Iran [25] | “Studying what patient education services were offered and which organizational factors in the hospitals affected the provision of these services” p.231 | Patients, n = 441, physicians, n = 200, nurses, n = 185, supervisors, and managers, n = 70, stratified and simple sampling | A descriptive cross-sectional study of four self-administered questionnaires
Three answer choices (agree, disagree, and neutral) open-ended questions and closed questions interviews | Teaching hospitals | Quantitative data: statistics methods
Qualitative data: a content analysis | 2/8 |
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| Hätönen et al. 2010, Finland [26] | “To describe patient education practices in adult acute psychiatric hospitals” p.334 | Head nurses from adult acute psychiatric wards, n = 55 | A descriptive questionnaire survey
A questionnaire (developed for this study) 7-point scale dichotomous response options (1 = yes or 2 = no) open-ended question | Adult acute psychiatric hospitals | Quantitative data: statistics methods
Qualitative data: a content analysis | 6/8 |
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| Valanis et al. 2003, U. S [29] | “Describes observed variations in telephone advice nursing services and the organizational and process factors the nurses identified as supporting or hindering their work” p.216 | Taped (1 to 2 hours) calls: call centers, n = 77 medical offices, n = 98, nurses and physicians, (n = not reported), managers, (n = not reported), a convenience sample | A qualitative design
Two instruments (developed for this study)
(i) The call description form
(ii) The interpersonal communication
(iii) Style inventory manager-completed checklists focus groups (nurses and physicians) | Telephone advice nursing services | Qualitative analysis | 5/10 |
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| Albada et al. 2001, Netherlands [30] | “Describes the organization of patient education in hospitals and the conditions that influence this in the Netherlands, Flanders and England” p.4 | Patient education officers, an executive of a health insurance company, Ombudsman, a committee member of a professional organization, n = 5, document analysis, n = 95, documents and websites, n = 24 | Qualitative design document analysis of five interviews | Not specified, patient education in hospitals | Text coding analysis document analysis | 5/10 |
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