Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy

Table 15

Studies investigating the relationship between cumulative sunlight exposure and risk for ARM.

Study	No. of cases	Measure of risk factor	Type of ARM	Odds ratio or relative risk	95% confidence interval
Cross-Sectional Studies
Beaver Dam Eye Study [260]	4926	Amount of time spent outdoors in summer	Retinal pigmentary changes	1.44	1.01–2.04 (men)
		Amount of leisure time spent outdoors in summer	Late ARM	2.19	1.12–4.25 (men)
Pathologies Oculaires Liees a L’Age [262]	2584	Ambient solar Radiation	Early ARM	0.73	0.54–0.98
		Leisure exposure to sunlight	Early ARM	0.80	0.64–1.00
Prospective Studies
Beaver Dam Eye Study [261]	3684	Amount of leisure time spent outdoors aged 13–19 years and aged 30–39 years	Early ARM	2.09	1.19–3.65
Beaver Dam Eye Study [258]	2764	Amount of leisure time spent outdoors aged 13–19 years, aged 30–39 years and at baseline examination	Early ARM	2.20	1.02–4.73
		Average annual UV-B exposure	Early ARM	0.83	0.62–1.10
			Late ARM	1.00	0.54–1.82