Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy

Table 5

Studies investigating the relationship between cholesterol and risk for ARM.

Study	No. of cases	Measure of risk factor	Type of ARM	Odds ratio or relative risk	95% confidence interval
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cardiovascular Health Study [58]	2361	Serum total cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL increase)	ARM	0.95	0.91–0.98
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III [54]	8270	HDL cholesterol (per mmol/L)	Early ARM	1.30	0.99–1.71
		Triglycerides (per mmol/L)	Soft drusen	0.88	0.79–0.99
Pathologies Oculaires Liees a L’Age [122]	2584	Cholesterol (per mmol/L)	Soft drusen	1.07	0.97–1.17
			Late ARM	0.97	0.71–1.31
		HDL Cholesterol (per mmol/L)
Blue Mountains Eye Study [26]	3654	Cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL)	Early ARM	0.95	0.84–1.09
			Late ARM	1.08	0.92–1.27
Prospective studies
Beaver Dam Eye Study [160]	3684	Serum Cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL increase)	Geographic Atrophy	1.29	1.05–1.58
Rotterdam Eye Study [161, 162]	4776	Serum Cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL)	Early ARM	0.96	0.84–1.09
		HDL Cholesterol (per mmol/L)	Early ARM	1.38	0.92–1.79