Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy

Table 9

Studies investigating the relationship between vitamin C and risk for ARM.

Study	No. of cases	Measure of risk factor	Type of ARM	Odds ratio or relative risk	95% confidence interval
Cross-Sectional Studies
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I [54]	3082	Dietary intake	Early and late ARM	1.15	0.79–1.66
Blue Mountains Eye Study [233]	2900	Dietary Intake	Early ARM	0.9	0.5–1.4
			Late ARM	1.3	0.5–3.4
Prospective Studies
Beaver Dam Eye Study [234]	1968	Dietary intake	Early ARM	0.8	0.5–1.2
			Late ARM	0.6	0.2–2.0
Blue Mountains Eye Study [226, 233]	1989	Dietary intake	Early ARM	2.3	1.3–4.0
Rotterdam Study [235]	4170	Dietary intake of vitamin C in combination with vitamin E, 𝛽-carotene and zinc	Early and late ARM	0.65 (Hazard Ratio)	0.46–0.92
Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging [231]	678	Fasting plasma level	Early and late ARM	0.55	0.28–1.08
Pathologies Oculaires Liees a L’Age [29, 236]	1791	Fasting plasma level	Late ARM	0.89	0.32–2.5