Potential Therapeutic Roles for Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy

Table 1

Number of open NIH trials by indication.

	Non-proliferative phase of diabetic retinopathy	Proliferative phase of diabetic retinopathy	Diabetic macular edema	Other*
Anti-VEGF agents
Avastin	2	6	12	VH (1)
Lucentis	2	7	16	ARMD (3); RVO (1); rubeosis (1)
Macugen		1	3	Uveitis (1)
Anti-inflammatory agents
Bromfenac			1
Dexamethasone	1		1
Diclofenac			1
Ketorolac		1	2
Minocycline			1
Nepafenac	1		2
Triamcinalone	1		7
mTOR inhibitors
Palomid 529				ARMD (2)
Sirolimus			1	ARMD (1); uveitis (1)
Laser therapy
Micropulse			2
Pan laser	4	8	4
PASCAL laser	4	4	2

*VH: vitreous hemorrhage, ARMD: age-related macular degeneration, RVO: retinal vein occlusion, Note: a particular trial can have more than one indication or therapeutic agent under investigation.