Review Article
Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?
Table 2
RCTs: Beta-carotene and risk of lung cancer in smokers.
| | Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) | N | Treatment groups | Follow-up | Lung cancer risk (smokers) | P value |
| | The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Lung Cancer Prevention Study—1985–1993 (see [84]) | 29133 smokers (men) | Group 1: -tocoferol
Group 2: -carotene
Group 3: Placebo | 5–8 years | Beta-Carotene supplementation was associated with increased lung cancer risk (RR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.02–1.33) | |
| | The carotene and retinol efficacy trial (CARET)-1993 (see [85]) | 18314 smokers (men and women) or asbestos exposed | Group 1: -carotene and retinyl palmitate
Group 2: Placebo | Stopped 21 months earlier | There were 28% more lung cancers and 17% more deaths in the active intervention group | |
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