Dry Eye and Corneal Langerhans Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Table 1
Dry eye related parameters in different subgroups of SLE patients.
Study group
LIPCOF
Schirmer (mm/5 min)
TBUT [s]
OSDI
Healthy individuals
1.24 ± 0.54 (0–3)
11.67 ± 3.21 (6–16)
11.09 ± 3.37 (5–16)
11.06 ± 7.18 (0–35)
All SLE patients
1.36 ± 0.62 (0–3)
8.45 ± 9.82* (2–40)
6.86 ± 3.53* (2–15)
25.95 ± 17.92* (4.5–7.4)
SLE patients according to SLEDAI score
0 (29%)
1.37 ± 0.74 (0–2)
7.62 ± 7.34 (0.5–20)
5.12 ± 1.55* (3–8)
16.82 ± 11.91 (4.54–35.71)
1–8 (60%)
1.29 ± 0.58 (1–3)
9.86 ± 11.11 (0.2–40)
8.23 ± 3.78* (3–15)
29.64 ± 20.15* (9.09–70.45)
>8 (11%)
1.66 ± 0.57 (1-2)
2.16 ± 0.76* (1.5–3.0)
3.66 ± 1.52* (2–5)
29.37 ± 11.06* (16.6–36.1)
SLE patients according to CRP (mg/L)
≤5 (33%)
1.57 ± 0.97 (0–3)
5.64 ± 5.08* (1–15)
5.28 ± 2.49* (2–10)
16.49 ± 10.52 (4.54–35.4)
>5 (67%)
1.28 ± 0.46 (1-2)
9.31 ± 10.68* (0.2–40)
7.38 ± 3.72* (3–15)
29.10 ± 18.93* (5.55–70.45)
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Comparisons between healthy individuals and SLE patients were made with Mann-Whitney tests. * < 0.05. Subgroups were compared to each other and to healthy individuals with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (not found, thus not marked in table). CRP: C-reactive protein; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI: SLE disease activity index; TBUT: tear break-up time; OSDI: ocular surface disease index.