Dry Eye and Corneal Langerhans Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Table 1

Dry eye related parameters in different subgroups of SLE patients.

Study group	LIPCOF	Schirmer (mm/5 min)	TBUT [s]	OSDI
Healthy individuals	1.24 ± 0.54; (0–3)	11.67 ± 3.21; (6–16)	11.09 ± 3.37; (5–16)	11.06 ± 7.18; (0–35)
All SLE patients	1.36 ± 0.62; (0–3)	8.45 ± 9.82^*; (2–40)	6.86 ± 3.53^*; (2–15)	25.95 ± 17.92^*; (4.5–7.4)
SLE patients according to SLEDAI score
0 (29%)	1.37 ± 0.74; (0–2)	7.62 ± 7.34; (0.5–20)	5.12 ± 1.55^*; (3–8)	16.82 ± 11.91; (4.54–35.71)
1–8 (60%)	1.29 ± 0.58; (1–3)	9.86 ± 11.11; (0.2–40)	8.23 ± 3.78^*; (3–15)	29.64 ± 20.15^*; (9.09–70.45)
>8 (11%)	1.66 ± 0.57; (1-2)	2.16 ± 0.76^*; (1.5–3.0)	3.66 ± 1.52^*; (2–5)	29.37 ± 11.06^*; (16.6–36.1)
SLE patients according to CRP (mg/L)
≤5 (33%)	1.57 ± 0.97; (0–3)	5.64 ± 5.08^*; (1–15)	5.28 ± 2.49^*; (2–10)	16.49 ± 10.52; (4.54–35.4)
>5 (67%)	1.28 ± 0.46; (1-2)	9.31 ± 10.68^*; (0.2–40)	7.38 ± 3.72^*; (3–15)	29.10 ± 18.93^*; (5.55–70.45)

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Comparisons between healthy individuals and SLE patients were made with Mann-Whitney tests. ^* < 0.05. Subgroups were compared to each other and to healthy individuals with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (not found, thus not marked in table).
CRP: C-reactive protein; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI: SLE disease activity index; TBUT: tear break-up time; OSDI: ocular surface disease index.