High Levels of 17β-Estradiol Are Associated with Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 Activity in Tears of Postmenopausal Women with Dry Eye
Table 1
Demographics and clinical characteristics in patients with dry eye and normal controls.
Characteristics
Dry eye group ()
Control group ()
value
Age (years)
63.2 ± 7.4
60.7 ± 5.3
0.18
Duration of menopause (years)
11.2 ± 8.0
10.3 ± 5.9
0.81
BMI
22.9 ± 2.2
22.6 ± 2.1
0.70
Lipid profile
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.5 ± 0.8
4.7 ± 1.0
0.47
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.5 ± 0.6
1.6 ± 0.5
0.33
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.1 ± 0.3
1.1 ± 0.2
0.36
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.8 ± 0.8
3.0 ± 0.9
0.28
OSDI (points)
39.5 ± 24.4
14.0 ± 8.4
<0.001
Fluorescein TBUT (s)
2.5 ± 1.1
9.8 ± 3.9
<0.001
Corneal fluorescein staining (points)
3.1 ± 2.5
0.3 ± 0.4
<0.001
Schirmer test (mm/5 min)
7.1 ± 5.6
12.6 ± 6.2
<0.001
BMI = body mass index, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, OSDI = Ocular Surface Disease Index, and TBUT = tear film break-up time.
