Visual, Musculoskeletal, and Balance Complaints in AMD: A Follow-Up Study
Table 1
Descriptive statistics of AMD patients and reference group at baseline.
AMD patients ()
Control group )
Group difference
(SD)
(SD)
BCVA (logMAR)
0.78 (0.38)
−0.03 (0.09)
0.81
<0.001
Critical print size (p)
7.31 (5.01)
4.79 (0.51)
2.52
0.005
Reading distance (cm)
20.27 (7.82)
41.10 (6.87)
−20.83
<0.001
Magnification ()
4.12 (2.52)
0.62 (0.07)
3.50
<0.001
VFQ-NAS (0–100)
42.24 (19.69)
97.05 (3.78)
−54.81
<0.001
VMB-V (0–50)
15.79 (11.09)
4.81 (3.89)
10.98
<0.001
VMB-M (0–50)
8.07 (10.29)
5.98 (5.95)
2.09
0.867
VMB-B (0–50)
20.80 (12.94)
4.92 (4.21)
15.88
<0.001
Healthy, (%)
36 (56)
19 (79)
−23%
0.049
(%)
(%)
Type of near visual aid
Reading glasses, (%)
10 (16)
6 (25)
−9%
0.357
Bifocals, (%)
9 (14)
6 (25)
−11%
0.339
Progressives, (%)
4 (6)
12 (50)
−44%
<0.001
Handheld aids, (%)
3 (5)
0 (0)
5%
0.559
CCTV, (%)
5 (8)
0 (0)
8%
0.317
Combination†, (%)
33 (52)
0 (0)
52%
<0.001
values according to Mann–Whitney test. †Any combination of two or more aids. BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; VFQ-NAS: Visual Functioning Questionnaire-Near Activities Subscale; VMB: visual, muscular, and balance complaints questionnaire.
