Autorefraction, Retinoscopy, Javal’s Rule, and Grosvenor’s Modified Javal’s Rule: The Best Predictor of Refractive Astigmatism

Table 2

The Bland-Altman 95% limits agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient for spherical equivalent.

Parameter	Mean difference (standard deviation)	Bland-Altman; 95% limits of agreement	value	ICC (95% confidence interval)
Autorefraction versus retinoscopy	0.26 (1.67)	−3.01 to 3.53	0.348	0.902 (0.809–0.950)
Subjective versus retinoscopy	0.12 (0.51)	−0.88 to 1.12	0.157	0.989 (0.978–0.994)
Subjective versus autorefraction	0.37 (1.64)	−2.84 to 3.58	0.167	0.895 (0.796–0.947)

ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient.