The Application of a Contact Lens Sensor in Detecting 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure-Related Patterns

Table 1

Summary of studies using the CLS in the discovery of risk factors, characterization of circadian rhythm, and investigation of effects of IOP-lowering interventions.

Study	Study design		Mean age (yr)	Disease	Outcome measures	Main findings
De Moraes et al. [43]	Cross-sectional	34	66.8	Primary open-angle glaucoma	Rates of visual field change and CLS parameters	Number of long peaks and mean peak ratio were best predictors of faster progression
Flatau et al. [36]	Nonrandomized comparative trial	33	62.6	Glaucoma	Changes in limbal strain and sleeping head position	Limbal strain increased in glaucoma eyes with face down position, particularly those eyes with progressive visual field loss
Lee et al. [44]	Prospective cohort	18	65.1	Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG)	IOP-related pattern in nocturnal and diurnal periods	NTG patients have IOP-related pattern unique to diurnal/nocturnal period: greater diurnal variability and fewer nocturnal peaks
Tan et al.; [45]	Nonrandomized comparative trial	25	69.1	Primary angle-closure glaucoma	Glaucoma progression and CLS parameters	Patients with progressive disease differ from stable patients in gradients of IOP fluctuation curve during specific time periods
Xu et al. [40]	Nonrandomized comparative trial	17	59	Ocular hypertension	Baseline clinical factors and CLS parameters	Poorer visual field mean deviation associated with steeper sleep to wake slopes; higher number of peaks associated with greater IOP fluctuations between office visits
Parekh et al. [46]	Prospective nonrandomized trial	10	61.8	Thyroid eye disease	Safety, tolerability, and IOP-related pattern	Well-tolerated and safe CLS; 50% of patients experience nocturnal acrophase with peak at 6:30 am
Mansouri et al. [37]	Randomized controlled trial	23	63.8	Primary open-angle glaucoma	Effect of different groups of medications	Bimatoprost uniquely decreased the IOP-related slope during the wake-to-sleep period
Pajic et al. [35]	Nonrandomized trial	5	62	Normal-tension Glaucoma	Effect of different groups of medications	Treatment with latanoprost, travoprost, and/or dorzolamide altered the IOP-related slope during the wake-to-sleep period
Lee et al. [47]	Prospective cohort	18	65.1	Normal-tension Glaucoma	Effect of SLT	Amplitude of CLS fitted curve was reduced by 24.6% in successful treatment group
Mansouri et al. [48]	Case report	1	59	Primary open-angle glaucoma	Effect of prostaglandin-pilocarpine	Prostaglandin-pilocarpine reduced nighttime IOP peaks and relieved patient’s symptoms