Different Strategies for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in China: An Economic Evaluation

Table 2

Direct costs related to AMD treatment and comorbidities.

Parameters	Median unit cost (range)	Average number (range)	Annual mean total cost	Source
Ophthalmologist consultation	3.2 (0.8–47.6)	1 time per cycle	12.8	[32]
Optical coherence tomography	31.7 (23.8–39.7)	1 time per cycle	126.8	[32]
Fluorescein angiography	58.7 (44–73.4)	2 times per year	234.8	[32]
Verteporfin per 15 mg	2539.7 (1904.8–3174.6)			[32]
Laser activation	238.1 (158.7–317.5)			[32]
PDT (verteporfin per 15 mg + laser activation)		2.05 (1.5375–2.5625) at 1 year	5694.5 at 1 year	Calculated
		1.54 (1.155–1.925) at 2 years	4277.8 at 2 years	Calculated
Intravitreal injection	41.3 (31–51.6)			Local charge
Ranibizumab per 0.5 mg	1523.8 (1142.9–1904.8)	8 (6–12) at 1 year	12190.4 at 1 year	Local charge
		6 (4.5–12) at 2 years	9142.8 at 2 years
Bevacizumab per 1.25 mg	10.5 (7.9–13.1)	8 (6–12) at 1 year	84 at 1 year	Local charge
		6 (4.5–12) at 2 years	63 at 2 years
Adverse reactions
Endophthalmitis				Local charge
Ranibizumab arm		1.4% (1.05%–1.75%) during 1 year	22.2
Bevacizumab arm		2.8% (2.1%–3.5%) during 1 year	44.4
Lens damage				Local charge
Ranibizumab arm		0.4% (0.3%–0.5%) during 1 year	6.3
Bevacizumab arm		0.4% (0.3%–0.5%) during 1 year	6.3
Retinal detachment				Local charge
Ranibizumab arm		0.3% (0.23%–0.38%) during 1 year	5.7
Bevacizumab arm		0.3% (0.23%–0.38%) during 1 year	5.7
Comorbidities
Depression	130.6 (111.2–156.4)	2.2% (1.65%–2.75%) during 1 year	3	Local charge
Fall	1093.9 (364.6–1823.2)	18% (14.50%–28.60%) during 1 year	23	Local charge
Assisted living	432.7 (324.5–540.8)	2.1% (1.58%–2.63%) during 1 year	77.9	Local charge

Costs are presented as US dollars (January 2015 exchange rate, US = CYN 6.30).
The range was used for sensitivity analysis.