Nonlethal Levels of Zeaxanthin Inhibit Cell Migration, Invasion, and Secretion of MMP-2 via NF-κB Pathway in Cultured Human Uveal Melanoma Cells

Figure 2

Zeaxanthin inhibits wound closure in cultured UM cells. Cultured human UM cells (C918) were seeded into 12-well plates, scratched, and treated with zeaxanthin (0, 1, 3, and 10 μM) for 0, 4, and 8 h. Phase-contrast pictures of the wounds were taken for the comparison of wound closing process between cells treated with different levels of zeaxanthin at different periods (a). Cells migrating from the leading edge were counted at 4 h (b) and 8 h (c) and expressed as the percentage of the controls (cells cultured without zeaxanthin). After incubation for 4 h and 8 h, migrating cells in cultures treated with zeaxanthin at 3 and 10 μM were significantly less than those from the controls (without zeaxanthin) (). Please see the text (Section 3.2) for the original data and the percentages of the controls (mean ± SD) of each group at different time periods.

(a)

(b)

(c)