Comprehensive Review of the Literature on Existing Punctal Plugs for the Management of Dry Eye Disease

Table 5

Complications of punctal and intracanalicular plugs.

Type of plug	Complications
Punctal plugs	(i) Extrusion (most common)
	(ii) Granulation tissue
	(iii) Enlargement of punctal size
	(iv) Migration (less common than canalicular plugs)
	(v) Canalicular stenosis
	(vi) Foreign body sensation
	(vii) Pyogenic granuloma
	(viii) Canaliculitis
	(ix) Dacryocystitis
	(x) Fungal/bacterial infections
	(xi) Epiphora
	(xii) Corneal ulceration
Canalicular plugs	(i) Allergy
	(ii) Granulomatous foreign body reaction
	(iii) Canaliculitis and dacryocystitis (more common than punctal plugs)
	(iv) Difficult removal
	(v) Klebsiella canaliculitis
	(vi) Pyogenic granuloma
	(vii) Epiphora
	(viii) Migration
	(ix) Canalicular stenosis