Research Article
Visual Impairment among Older Adults in a Rural Community in Eastern China
Table 3
Univariate and multivariate of the associated factors for visual impairment.
| | Univariate | Multivariate | | OR | 95% CI | | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age (per year increase) | 1.15 | 1.13–1.17 | <0.001 | 1.12 | 1.10–1.16 | <0.001 | Gender (female versus male) | 2.20 | 1.72–2.82 | <0.001 | 2.33 | 1.53–3.55 | <0.001 | Education (no formal versus formal education) | 2.19 | 1.72–2.79 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.75–1.34 | 0.95 | Monthly income (less than 1000 versus 1000 or more) | 2.43 | 1.86–3.16 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 0.69–1.48 | 0.32 | Hypertension (yes versus no) | 1.46 | 1.09–1.95 | 0.01 | 1.31 | 1.001–1.85 | 0.04 | Diabetes (yes versus no) | 1.06 | 0.69–1.64 | 0.78 | | — | | Living arrangements (living alone versus living with others) | 1.82 | 1.31–2.53 | <0.001 | 1.52 | 1.08–2.62 | 0.02 | Smoking for at least 5 years (yes versus no) | 1.98 | 1.56–3.37 | <0.001 | 1.13 | 0.85–1.77 | 0.46 | Alcohol intake within the past 3 months (yes versus no) | 0.56 | 0.41–0.78 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.56–1.92 | 0.35 | Green tea consumption per day (3 glasses or more versus less than 3 glasses) | 0.42 | 0.27–0.85 | 0.005 | 0.79 | 0.63–0.98 | 0.02 | Sleeping hours per day (per hour increase) | 1.48 | 1.37–1.59 | <0.001 | 1.10 | 1.001–1.22 | 0.04 | Time spent outdoors per day (per hour increase) | 0.92 | 0.86–0.99 | <0.001 | 0.93 | 0.86–1.22 | 0.27 |
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OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
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