Psychological Distress in Patients with Symptomatic Vitreous Floaters
Table 5
Comparison of demographics, posterior vitreous status, and psychologic parameters among different discomfort severity groups.
Mild discomfort ()
Moderate discomfort ()
Severe discomfort ()
valuesa
Post hoc analysisb
Age, yrs
54.6 ± 10.1
56.4 ± 12.2
58.8 ± 10.3
0.459
Female, (%)
12 (60)
15 (63)
14 (82)
0.289
Diabetes mellitus, (%)
3 (15)
3 (13)
3 (18)
0.900
Hypertension, (%)
6 (30)
7 (29)
7 (41)
0.685
Education, yrs
12.2 3.3
11.7 3.7
10.5 2.9
0.330
Outdoor occupation, (%)
3 (15)
2 (8)
1 (6)
0.618
Visual acuity (logMAR)
0.07 ± 0.20
0.06 ± 0.09
0.06 ± 0.07
0.965
Refractive errors (SEQ), diopters
−1.5 ± 3.4
−1.2 ± 3.4
0.05 ± 2.7
0.333
Pseudophakia, (%)
2 (10)
1 (4)
1 (6)
0.820
PVD grading, (%)
0.091c
No PVD
4 (20)
4 (17)
1 (6)
Partial PVD
2 (10)
2 (8)
0
Complete PVD
14 (70)
18 (75)
16 (94)
Depression (PHQ-9)
3.1 ± 3.5
6.3 ± 5.9
10.9 ± 7.0
<0.001
Mild, moderate < severe
Stress (PSS)
12.8 ± 5.0
16.3 ± 5.0
22.4 ± 7.1
<0.001
Mild < moderate < severe
Anxiety (STAI)
State anxiety
37.3 ± 8.6
41.7 ± 11.4
52.4 ± 13.5
<0.001
Mild, moderate < severe
Trait anxiety
38.0 ± 7.4
41.8 ± 10.5
51.4 ± 10.2
<0.001
Mild, moderate < severe
aOne-way ANOVA and chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively; bpost hoc analysis using LSD method. Significantly different groups are represented; cCuzick’s Wilcoxon-type nonparametric trend test. logMAR: logarithm of minimal angle of resolution; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale; PVD: posterior vitreous detachment; SEQ: spherical equivalent; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
