The Pattern of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Changes in Glaucoma
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the total studied populations.
Normal controls ()
Early glaucoma ()
Moderate glaucoma ()
Advanced glaucoma ()
Post hoc
Age (years)
48 ± 12
53 ± 12
53 ± 10
60 ± 13
<0.001
N = E = M < A
Gender (% of female)
41.8
46.3
43.1
62.5
0.399
Spherical equivalent (diopter)
−1.00 ± 1.62
−1.65 ± 2.31
−1.53 ± 2.61
−2.07 ± 3.18
0.232
Axial length (mm)
24.0 ± 0.75
24.4 ± 1.2
24.3 ± 1.3
24.3 ± 1.3
0.348
CCT (μm)
552.0 ± 26.1
538.6 ± 35.9
529.2 ± 30.1
528.9 ± 32.5
0.004
N > E = M = A
MD (dB)
−0.38 ± 1.39
−2.43 ± 1.70
−8.55 ± 1.92
−19.24 ± 5.63
0.000
N > E > M > A
PSD (dB)
1.43 ± 0.29
4.41 ± 2.41
11.13 ± 2.92
11.80 ± 3.02
0.000
N < E < M < A
VFI
100 ± 1
94 ± 5
76 ± 8
45 ± 18
0.000
N > E > M > A
Average cpRNFL thickness (μm)
100.0 ± 7.7
80.3 ± 9.5
70.5 ± 8.9
62.5 ± 8.9
0.000
N > E > M > A
Average macular GCIPL thickness (μm)
85.9 ± 4.3
74.0 ± 6.3
69.1 ± 5.4
59.8 ± 14.0
0.000
N > E > M > A
ONH parameters
Rim area (mm2)
1.31 ± 0.19
0.94 ± 0.20
0.76 ± 0.15
0.63 ± 0.19
0.000
N > E > M > A
Cup area (mm2)
0.19 ± 0.16
0.46 ± 0.30
0.51 ± 0.30
0.56 ± 0.31
0.102
N > E = M = A
VCD
0.50 ± 0.11
0.72 ± 0.11
0.77 ± 0.08
0.81 ± 0.07
0.000
N < E < M = A
CCT: central corneal thickness; MD: mean deviation of perimetry; PSD: pattern standard deviation of perimetry; VFI: visual field index; dB: decibels; cpRNFL: circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer; GCIPL: ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer; VCD: vertical cup to disc ratio. The severity of the glaucomatous damage was classified into early (MD ≥ −6.00 dB), moderate (−12.00 dB ≤ MD < −6.00 dB), and advanced glaucoma (MD < −12.00 dB). Values are mean ± standard deviation. Comparison among study groups was done by analysis of variance (Tukey multiple comparison).
