The Association between Adiposity and the Risk of Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Characteristics of eligible studies.

First author (publication year)	Country	Study design	Database of data collection from or study follow-up period	Participants (case/control)	Age	Exposure assessment	Outcomes	Adjusted factors
M. Cristina Leske (1995)	USA	Cross-sectional	Data collection in 1995, the Barbados Eye Study	302/3821	40–84	BMI (high, medium, low)	OAG	1–3, 10
Gavin S. Tan (2009)	Singapore	Cross-sectional	Data collection in 2009, the Singapore Malay Eye Study	102/3146	40–80	BMI (>25)	OAG	1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 11
Louis R. Pasquale (2009)	USA	Cohort study	Follow-up period from 1980 to 2004 for women; follow-up period from 1986 to 2004 for men; followed every 2 years, NHS and HPFS	Women 642/78,135 men 338/41,014	>40	BMI (<22, 22-23.9, 24-25.9, 26-27.9, 28-29.9, >30)	OAG	1, 3–6, 13
Paula Anne Newman-Casey(2010)	USA	Cohort study	Follow-up from 2001 to 2007	55,090/2,127,225	40–87	BMI	OAG	1, 2, 7, 8, 10–13, 16, 17
K. Imai (2010)	Japan	Cross-sectional	Data collection in 2009, Health Checkup Program(2004–2008)	14,003 participants	18–83	WC	Elevated IOP	No
Xuejuan Jiang (2012)	USA	Cohort study	4 years from baseline (2000–2003) to follow-up (2004–2008), LALES	87/3685	>40	WHR (per 0.05 higher); BMI (<25, 25–30, >30)	OAG	1, 9, 14, 15
Lauren A. Wise (2012)	USA	Cohort study	Follow-up from 1995 to 2007; followed every 2 years, BWHS	366/32,204	21–69	WHR (<0.72, 0.72–0.77, 0.78–0.84, >0.85); BMI (<25, 25–29, 30–34, >35)	OAG	1, 4–7, 11
Hyung-Deok Jang (2014)	Korea	Cross-sectional	Data collection from KNHANES 2008–2010 database	15,271 participants	>19	WC (>90 for men, >85 for women); BMI(>25)	Elevated IOP	1, 4–8
Florent Aptel (2014)	France	Cohort study	Follow up from 2009 to 2012	330/9250	>50	BMI (>30)	OAG	1, 2, 7, 12
Mijin Kim (2014)	Korea	Cross-sectional	Data collection from 2010 to 2011	300/17,940	>40	WC (>90 for men, >80 for women)	OAG	12
Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad (2015)	Iran	Case-control	Data collection in 2015	100/100	>18	WC (>102 for men, >88 for women)	OAG	12
Hyun Tae Kim (2016)	Korea	Cross-sectional	Data collection from 2010-2011database	5008 participants	>19	WC (<72, 72–77, 78–84, >84 for women); BMI (<22, 22-23, 24-25, >25)	Elevated IOP	1, 4–8
Fatima Kyari (2016)	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	Data collection from 2005 to 2007, Nigeria National Blindness	462/12,738	>40	BMI (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, >30)	OAG	1, 2, 7, 14, 15
Fang Ko (2016)	USA	Cross-sectional	Data collection from NHANES (2005–2008 cycles)	172/5574	>40	WC (>102 for men, >88 for women); BMI (>30)	OAG	1, 2, 13
Eytan Cohen (2016)	Israel	Cross-sectional	Data collection from 2000–2013 health database	18,575 participants	20–80	BMI (<25, 25–29.9, 30–35, >35)	Elevated IOP	1, 7, 8

BMI: body mass index (kg/m²); WC: waist circumference (cm); WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; OAG: open-angle glaucoma; IOP: intraocular pressure; NHS: the Nurses’ Health Study; HPFS: Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; LALES: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study; BWHS: the Black Women’s Health Study; KNHANES: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; adjusted factors: 1 = age; 2 = gender; 3 = glaucoma family history; 4 = smoking; 5 = alcohol intake; 6 = physical activity; 7 = hypertension; 8 = diabetes mellitus; 9 = CCT; 10 = cataract history; 11 = education; 12 = other metabolic syndrome components; 13 = race; 14 = IOP; 15 = AL; 16 = sleep apnea; 17 = migraine headache.