Five-Year Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type II Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon
Table 3
Characteristics of the patients with diabetic retinopathy at baseline according to the worsening or not of their retinopathy.
No worsening DR ()
Worsening DR ()
value
Age (years), mean ± SD
60.25 ± 9.91
60.60 ± 8.80
0.81
Male, n (%)
48 (38.71)
23 (40.35)
0.83
Age at diagnosis (years), mean ± SD
47.57 ± 10.18
47.47 ± 10.18
0.95
Duration of diabetes (years), median (IQR)
12.00 (14.00)
10.00 (8.00)
0.92
Family history of diabetes, n (%)
95 (76.61)
46 (80.70)
0.54
Consanguineous parents, n (%)
25 (20.16)
12 (21.05)
0.89
Current smoker, n (%)
29 (23.39)
15 (26.32)
0.19
Smoking (pack-years), median (IQR)
17.50 (25.00)
28.50 (28.00)
0.13
Coronary artery disease, n (%)
40 (32.26)
20 (35.09)
0.71
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)
8 (6.45)
7 (12.28)
0.25
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)
38 (30.65)
18 (31.58)
0.90
Neuropathy, n (%)
63 (50.81)
28 (49.12)
0.83
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD
30.60 ± 5.97
29.39 ± 4.23
0.12
HbA1c, n (%)
8.64 ± 1.85
9.08 ± 2.07
0.15
Serum creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR)
0.90 (0.49)
0.90 (0.50)
0.73
Urine microalbuminuria, positive, n (%)
61 (49.19)
34 (59.65)
0.21
Urine macroalbuminuria, positive, n (%)
27 (21.77)
12 (21.05)
0.91
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD
134.20 ± 16.17
133.23 ± 16.98
0.71
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD
81.61 ± 10.03
80.96 ± 10.54
0.69
Duration of hypertension (years), median (IQR)
2.00 (10.00)
4.00 (10.00)
0.55
Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD
197.80 ± 43.28
201.14 ± 65.59
0.69
HDL (mg/dL), mean ± SD
42.10 ± 11.99
44.11 ± 14.98
0.38
LDL (mg/dL), mean ± SD
119.99 ± 36.80
116.11 ± 26.56
0.48
Triglycerides (mg/dL), median (IQR)
174.50 (112.00)
144.00 (114.00)
0.24
OR (95% CI)
Urine microalbuminuria, positive
1.89 (0.97–3.70)
0.06
Serum creatinine
0.56 (0.29–1.07)
0.08
Body mass index
0.96 (0.90–1.02)
0.14
DR: diabetic retinopathy. Odds ratio for the predictors of worsening of DR in patients with type II diabetes and DR at baseline obtained using multivariate logistic regression analysis, with variables—urine microalbuminuria, urine macroalbuminuria, HbA1c, serum creatinine, duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis, duration of hypertension, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, family history of diabetes, and body mass index.
